Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
TIVA
total IV anesthesia
PIVA
partial IV anesthesia; maintained using IV and inhalational agents
Do inhalants have analgesic properties?
no!
Ideal Agents for TIVA
short acting, stable half-life, wide therapeutic window, no active metabolite, and smooth recovery
Most common TIVA for small animals?
propofol-fentanyl CRI
Triple Drip
an anesthetic mix for horses which includes guaifenesin, xylazine, and ketamine
Why can’t ketamine be used alone or repeatedly?
muscle rigidity and stiffness, limits the time it can be used!
Alfaxalone TIVA in cats
less accumulation, can cause dysphoria and twitchiness (myoclonus)
3 Keys of Monitoring Anesthetic Depth
- Will maintain palpebral
- No spontaneous movement
- No nystagmus
Signs anesthesia is too light?
fast palpebral, REM (nystagmus), lacrimation, increased RR, movement
Signs anesthesia is too deep?
absent palpebral, central globe, increased RR BUT shallow breaths, Cheyne-Stokes
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
atypical pattern of breathing involving deep breathing followed by shallow breathing
Two Options for Opioid CRIs
- Fentanyl (faster onset)
- Morphine (slower onset, longer duration)
Lidocaine CRI
horses and dogs (contraindicated in cats), reduces MAC, MUST BE GIVEN SLOWLY and therapeutic window is narrow
Can ketamine be used for analgesia?
yes, just lower dose; can also combine with opioid
