Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

608 Pharmacology > Inhalants > Flashcards

Inhalants Flashcards

1
Q

What three inhalants are considered the “modern” anesthetic agents?

A

1) Sevoflurane
2) Desflurane
3) Isoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do we know the molecular mechanism of action for inhalants?

A

not really, but we know some of the receptors they act on (GABAa, NMDA, glycine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is inhalant anesthesia immobility brain or spinally mediated?

A

spinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gas

A

agent which exists in gaseous form at room temp and sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vapor

A

agent which exists in liquid form at room temp and sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which undergoes a phase change - gas or vapor?

A

vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the only inhalant anesthetic to NOT be considered a vapor?

A

nitrous oxide (N2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blood:gas partition coefficient

A

ratio of the concentration of anesthetic in the blood vs. anesthetic in the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

solubility

A

measure of how soluble an anesthetic is in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are partition coefficient and solubility synonymous?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

relationship between solubility and time to induce anesthesia

A

higher solubility = longer time to induce anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benefits of low solubility/blood:gas coefficient (3)

A

1) Faster induction
2) More control over depth
3) Faster recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

A

MAC at 1atm that results in immobility in 50% of patients (the dose that keeps our patients under anesthesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Relationship between solubility and MAC

A

Low solubility = high MAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is MAC determined in sick or healthy animals?

A

healthy, with no other drugs!

keep this in mind because some conditions/drugs may affect (reduce) the MAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isoflurane MAC in Cat & Dog & Horse

A

Cat = 1.63
Dog = 1.30
Horse = 1.31

17
Q

Sevoflurane MAC in Cat & Dog & Horse

A

Cat = 2.58
Dog = 2.36
Horse = 2.31

18
Q

Desflurane MAC in Cat & Dog & Horse

A

Cat = 9.79
Dog = 7.20
Horse = 8.06

19
Q

Vessel Reach Group (VRG)

A

organs which are highly vascularized (brain, lungs, heart, kidneys)

20
Q

What two tissues have the highest partition coefficients (therefore will suck up a lot of the anesthesia)?

A

muscle and fat

21
Q

relationship between cardiac output and induction time

A

higher cardiac output = longer induction time

22
Q

clearance

A

elimination of anesthetic from the CNS

23
Q

Fluoride-Associated Nephrotoxicity

A

previously seen with inhalant anesthetics but risk is minimal with modern inhalants

24
Q

effect of inhalants on cerebral blood flow

A

INCREASE (dose-dependent)

25
Q

Do inhalants cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?

A

vasodilation

26
Q

effect of inhalants on intracranial pressure (ICP)

A

INCREASE

27
Q

apneic index

A

1.5-3 times the MAC

indicates need for mechanical ventilation

28
Q

Do inhalants enhance or depress the respiratory system?

A

depress

29
Q

effect of inhalants on PaCO2

A

INCREASE

30
Q

Are inhalants bronchoconstrictors or bronchodilators?

A

bronchodilators!

31
Q

effect of inhalants on cardiac output

A

DECREASE (dose-dependent)

due to decrease in stroke volume for decreased contractility

32
Q

effect of inhalants on arterial blood pressure

A

DECREASE (dose-dependent)

33
Q

Can inhalants cause renal effects?

A

YES but it is LIMITED to the time of anesthesia and is reversible

34
Q

Hepatic Effects of Inhalants

A

minimal (total flow maintained, some portal venous decrease)

35
Q

Malignant hyperthermia primarily affects what species?

A

pigs (halothane is the worst offender but all inhalants do it)

36
Q

Do inhalants cross the placenta?

A

yes

37
Q

Are inhalants safe to use in pregnant animals?

A

yes, but MAC should stay under 1.5 (dose dependent decreases in contractility and blood flow do occur starting at 0.5)

inhalants exhaled by newborn upon birth

608 Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions