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Pharmacology > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

✓ Natural and from phenanthrene group

A

Morphine, codeine, and thebaine

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2
Q

✓ Natural and from benzylisoquinoline

A

Papaverine, noscapine, and narcein.

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3
Q

-Semisynthetic
-More potent than morphine
-Rapid onset and shorter duration
-Not used clinically bec they are highly addictive

A

Heroin( diacetylmorphine) and hydromorphone

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4
Q

Synthetic and they are agonist

A

✓ Meperidine family
✓ Methadone family
✓ Tramadol

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5
Q

Synthetic and they are mixed agonist antagonist

A

Nalorphine
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine
Butorphanol
Bupernorphine

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6
Q

Synthetic and they are antagonist

A

Naloxone
Naltrexone

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7
Q

Bioavailability is 60%

A

Codein

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8
Q

Analgesic potency is 10-20%

A

Codeine

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9
Q

More potent cough suppressant

A

Codeine

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10
Q

Little euphoria effect

A

Codeine

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11
Q

Methylmorphine is a demethylation of morphine

A

Codeine

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12
Q

Analgesic for mild to moderate pain usually combine with paracetamol

A

Codeine

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13
Q

Used as central antitussive

A

Codeine

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14
Q

Adverse effect less than morphine

A

Codeine

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15
Q

Adverse effects:
✓ constipation
✓ RC depression

A

Codeine

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16
Q
  • Synthetic and full agonist with
  • Better absorbed orally and has greater bioavailability than morphine
A

Meperidine ( pethidine)

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17
Q

Analgesic potency is 10% of morphy

A

Meperidine (pethidine)

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18
Q

Used as analgesic in the following cases:
✓ Inferior myocardial infarction bec the patient has bradycardia
✓ during labour bec it is shorter in Duration and doesn’t prolong labour

A

Meperidine (pethidine)

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19
Q

✓ addiction liability but less than morphine

A

Codeine and Meperidine ( pethidine)

20
Q

Cause histamine release and bronchoconstriction

A

Meperidine

21
Q

Has weak atropine like actions ( dry mouth, tachycardia )

A

Meperidine

22
Q

No GIT
NO antitussive
NO vagal stimulant effects

A

Meperidine

23
Q

Synthetic derivatives of Meperidine

A

Fentanyl and alfentanil

24
Q

The most potent and the shortest duration opioid agonists

A

Fentanyl and alfentanil

25
Q

Analgesic in severe pain as long acting transdermal skin patch

A

Fentanyl and alfentanil

26
Q

12 microgram patch =~ 30mg oral morphine daily

A

Fentanyl

27
Q

Analgesic effect equal to morphine

A

Methadone

28
Q

Longer duration than of morphine ( t 1/2 ) is 24h

A

Methadone

29
Q

Used in treatment of chronic opiate and heroin users

A

Methadone

30
Q

Can satisfy the craving need of the patient with less addictive features

A

Methadone

31
Q

Has withdrawal symptoms less than the other opioids

A

Methadone

32
Q

Has two different mechanisms
✓ Binds to the mu opioid receptor
✓ inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin and NA

A

Tramadol

33
Q

Used as analgesic for moderate to severe pain ( especially musculo- skeletal pain )

A

Tramadol

34
Q

Has relatively fewer side effects than most opioid but addiction can occur

A

Tramadol

35
Q

May induce seizures in epileptic patients

A

Tramadol

36
Q

Have agonist activity on kappa receptors

A

Nalbuphine, pentazocine, and Butorphanol

37
Q

Have antagonist or partially agonist activity on mu receptors

A

Nalbuphine, pentazocine, and Butorphanol

38
Q

Their analgesic activity and respiratory depression are less marked than morphine

A

Nalbuphine, pentazocine, and Butorphanol

39
Q

Increase systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance lead to high cardiac load so they are contraindicated in acute myocardial infarction

A

Pentazocine and Butorphanol

40
Q

Competitive blockers of all opioid receptors

A

Naloxone and naltrexone

41
Q

Is given I.V and has short t 1/2 ( ~1h )

A

Naloxone

42
Q

Could be administered orally and has longer ( t 1/2 ) 48h

A

Naltrexone

43
Q

Can precipitate severe withdrawal syndrome if administered to opioid-addict patient

A

Naloxone and naltrexone

44
Q

Used in treatment of acute opioid toxicity ( the adverse respiratory and CVS effects of opioids are reversed within 1-2 min and lasts for 1-2hrs

A

Naloxone

45
Q

Is given during labour to mothers, who received opioids, to prevent neonatal respiratory depression or it can be given to the neonate via the umbilical vein

A

Naloxone

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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