Opioid Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

δ receptor location and function

A

Brain - analgesia/antidepressant/physical dependence

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2
Q

κ receptor location and function

A

Brain/Spinal Cord - sedation/spinal analgesia/miosis

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3
Q

µ receptor location and function

A

Brain/Spinal Cord - supraspinal analgesia/physical dependence/respiratory depression/euphoria/

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4
Q

What is the role of the brain stem in pain?

A

It plays a role in the anticipation and perception of pain

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5
Q

What does tissue damage release to relay the pain message?

A

It releases histamine and bradykinin which lead to the release of prostaglandins and substance P

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6
Q

Where is pain elaborated on the spinal cord?

A

Pain goes to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and up the STT to the reticular formation and limbic systems

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7
Q

How do opioids induce analgesia?

A

They reduce the amount of information reaching the brain which induces the analgesic effect

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8
Q

How do opiods act on pre-synaptic neurons?

A

They act by blocking Ca2+ which leads to the decreased release of NT

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9
Q

How do opiods act on post-synaptic neurons?

A

They stimulate K+ channels which will hyper polarize and result in decreased action potentials

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10
Q

Morphine target and function

A

µ receptor

Use for extreme pain found in MI or chronic cancer for example

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11
Q

Morphine toxicity

A

Constipation
Addiction
Tolerance

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12
Q

Morphine antidote

A

Naloxine

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13
Q

Meperidine target and function

A

κ receptor

Used for severe pain like that in biliary spasm

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14
Q

Meperidine toxicity

A

Side effects caused by its metabolite norpethidine

Respiratory Depression

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15
Q

Is naloxone an antidote for meperidine?

A

NO. Meperidine has anticholinergic activity whichi likely makes naloxone ineffective

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16
Q

Hydrocodone target and function

A

µ and δ

Used for moderate pain in coughing and it works similarly to morphine

17
Q

Hydrocodone toxicity

A

Constipation
Respiratory Depression
Nausea

18
Q

What receptor is euphoria mediated via?

A

µ. It inhibits the inhibition of DOPA which leads to increased DOPA

19
Q

Pentazocine target and function

A

δ agonist
κ agonist
µ antagonist

Used as a mild to moderate analgesic for dental extraction

20
Q

Pentazocine toxicity

A

Hallucination

CV effects

21
Q

What is the antagonistic effect of pentazocine?

A

Antagonizes the analgesic effects of morphine and meperidine

22
Q

Naloxone target and function

A

δ antagonist
κ antagonist
µ antagonist

Prevents and reverses the effects of opioids like respiratory depression/sedation/hypotension

23
Q

Naloxone toxicity

A

Change in mood
Trembling
Change in heart rhythm

24
Q

Methadone target and function

A

δ agonist
µ agonist

Strong opioid analgesic used to treat coughing and dependence on opioid drugs

25
Q

Methadone toxicity

A

Dependence