Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Question 1

What are the guidelines for the use of acupuncture?

Answer 1

National Institute of Health 1997 Consensus Conference showed “clear evidence” of acupuncture efficacy in various clinical conditions and deemed appropriate as “part of comprehensive care for others.”

There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma, in which acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Question 2

What are the endogenous opioid peptides and major neurotransmitters implicated in acupuncture analgesia?

Answer 2

• Beta-endorphin 
• Enkephalin
Met-enkephalin
Leu-enkephalin 
• Dynorphin

Question 3

What are the NTs of low frequency and high intensity treatment?

Answer 3

– Spinal Cord – Enkephalin, Dynorphin B
– Midbrain – Enkephalin, Serotonin, Norepinephrine
– Pituitary/Hypothal – B-endorphin, ACTH

Question 4

What are the NTs of high frequency and low intensity treatment?

Answer 4

– Spinal Cord/Midbrain only – GABA

Question 5

What type of treatment is block by naloxone?

Answer 5

Low frequency and high intensity treatment

Question 6

What type of treatment shows cumulative effects?

Answer 6

Low frequency and high intensity treatment

Question 7

What is the thermocouple effect of Kelvin-Thomas?

Answer 7

A gradient along the length of a homogenous conductor with a temperature gradient produced by the ends of the conductor at different temperatures