Opiates - AI Flashcards
What are the two main classifications of opiates?
Natural and synthetic
Name a natural opiate.
Morphine
Other examples include Codeine
What is a semisynthetic opiate derived from codeine?
Oxycodone
Codeine can also be converted to buprenorphine
Identify a synthetic opiate.
Fentanyl
Other examples include Methadone and Remifentanil
What property do all opiates share regarding their chemical nature?
They are weak bases
Which opiate is nearly completely unionized in blood?
Alfentanil
What is the percentage of unionized fentanyl in blood?
9%
What is the context-sensitive half-life of Remifentanil?
Almost none
How does the volume of distribution affect the context-sensitive half-life of Fentanyl?
3-5L and very lipid soluble, leading to a long context-sensitive half-life
What is the volume of distribution of Alfentanil?
0.4-1L
Which opiate is ideal for sedation in intensive care due to its context-sensitive half-life?
Alfentanil
What type of drug is Morphine classified as?
Opiate
List two effects of Morphine.
- Analgesia for visceral pain
- Respiratory depression
What is the oral bioavailability of Morphine?
25%
What is the pKa of Morphine?
8.0
What is a major metabolite of Morphine that is 13 times more potent?
Morphine-6-glucuronide
What is the plasma half-life of Diamorphine?
5 minutes
What is the bioavailability of Codeine?
50%
How is Dihydrocodeine related to Codeine?
Similar structure but twice as potent
What is a unique feature of Pethidine?
Developed for asthma but has analgesic effects
What is the primary mechanism of action for Fentanyl?
Mu receptor agonist
What is the typical dose range for Alfentanil?
5-25mcg/kg
What is the pKa of Alfentanil?
6.5
What is the elimination half-life of Remifentanil?
3-10 minutes
