Local anaesthetics - couldn't remember

Question 1

Draw the basic structure of an amide and ester anaesthetics

Answer 1

look it up

Question 2

Draw the structure of lidocaine and bupivocaine

Answer 2

see notes

Question 3

Described the doses of lidocaine, bupivocaine and prilocaine.

Answer 3

Lidocaine = 3mg/kg 5-7mg/kg with adrenaline.
Bupivocaine = 2mg/kg
Prilocaine = 6mg/kg 8mg/kg with adrenaline.

Question 4

described the protein binding off local anaesthetics

Answer 4

Esters have lower protein binding than amides.
bupivocaine had a protein binding of 95 and lidocaine has a PB of 70.

Question 5

Described the pKa of local anaesthetics

Answer 5

Lidocaine has a pKa of 7.8, bupivocaine has a pka of 8.1. Prilocaine of 7.7 and chloroprocaine 9.1.
The greater the pKa the less unionised form at physiological pH and therefore the less available to cross the cell membrane
This means the lower the potency.

Question 6

henderson-hasslebach equations for base and acid