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Y2 Pharmacology > Opiates > Flashcards

Opiates Flashcards

1
Q

Pure Opioid Antaganists

A

Naloxone
Naltrexene
Nalmefene

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2
Q

Mixed Opioid Agonist-Antagonists

A

Buprenorphrine - mu agonist, kappa antagonist
Nalbuphine - kappa agonist, mu antagonist

  • bumuka
  • nakama
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3
Q

Opioid Agonists

A

Morphine
Methadone
Fentanyl
Meperidine

Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil

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4
Q

Antitussives

A

Dextromethorphan

Codeine, Levopropoxyphene

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5
Q

Other Analgesics Used in Moderate Pain

A

Tepentadol

Tramadol

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6
Q

Endogenous opioid peptides

A

Dynorphin
Enkephalin
Endorphin

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7
Q

Natural opium alkaloid

A

Morphine

  • prototype opioid agonist, comes from opium which is obtained from the poppy of Papaver somniferous and P.album.
  • other naturally occurring alkaloids include:
    Codeine, Thebaine, and papaverine
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8
Q

Oldest opioid with mixed receptor actions.

A

Pentazocine

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9
Q

The major analgesic opioid receptr

A

mu receptor

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10
Q

Adverse Effects of opioid analgesics as seen in addicts can lead to:

A

hyperalgesia

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11
Q

Adverse effects with chronic use of opioid analgesics

A

hypogonadism, immunosuppression, increased feeding, increased growth hormone secretion, withdrawal effets, tolerance, dependence, abuse, addistion, hyperalgesia, impairment while driving

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12
Q

Adverse effects with acute use of opioid analgesics

A

respi depression, N/V, pruritus, urticarial, constripation, urinary retention, delirium, sedation, seizure, myoclonis

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13
Q

Tramadol Toxicity

A

Serotonin Syndrome

inc. seizures, devt serotonin syndrome, nausea, dizziness

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14
Q

This occurs when repeated doses of opioids have a diminishing analgesic effect

A

tolerance

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15
Q

Strong agonist opioid assoc with QT- based cardia arrhythmias

A

methadone

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16
Q

Effect of heroin intake by the mother during pregnancy to her baby include

A

shrill crying, irritability, diarrhea, seizures

17
Q

This over-the-counter opioid containing cold/cough medicine was banned in children below 6 yo because of reports of death

A

dextromethorphan

18
Q

used in sedating mammals like elephants

A

Carfentanil (extremely potent analog used in veterinary esp in malalaking animals)

19
Q

tx for post operative ileus ff bowel rsection surgery

A

alvimopan

20
Q

maintenance drugs for addics in treatment programs

A

naltrexone

21
Q

tx for constipation in pt with late stage advanced illness

A

Methylnaltrexone bromide

22
Q

tx for acute opioid overdose

A

naloxone

23
Q

phenylpiperidine derivative opioid used to control diarrhea due to action on peripheral mu-opioid receptpr and lack of effect on the CNS receptors

A

loperamide

diphenoxylate also indicated for diarrhea

24
Q

detox of heroin dependent addict

A

methadone

25
Q

maintenance drugs for addics in treatment programs

A

naltrexone

26
Q

contraindicated for opiates

A

increased ICP
pregnancy,
impaired pumo/hepatic/renal function, endocrine dse,
combi use of pure agonist with weak partial agonist

27
Q

opioids inhibit the release of

A

luteinizing hormone

28
Q

opioid with most pronounced anti-shivering properties

thru alpha-2 adrenoreceptors

A

meperidine

29
Q

drug group that is relative contraindication to al opioid analgesics because of high incidence of hyperpyrexic coma

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

30
Q

this long acting phenanthrene derivative opioid available in transdermal patch preparations is both a partial mu receptor agonist and an antagonist at the kappa and delta receptors

A

buprenorphine

31
Q

when starting an opiod therapy…

a. start with the highest dose of opioid
b. establish a therapeutic goal before starting
c. multiple prescribing physicians are recommended
d. early refills are beneficial

A

b

32
Q

tx for pt with dyspnea from pulmonary edema assoc with left ventricular HF

A

morphine

33
Q

opioid available in nasal formulation

A

butorphanol

Y2 Pharmacology (11 decks)

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