opiates Flashcards
Plant that opium comes from
poppy
Which semisynthetic opiates are made from altering morphine
heroin, hydromorphine
which semisynthetic opiates are made from altering codeine
oxycode and hydrocodone(vicodin)
which opiates are completely synthesized in lab
fentanyl, methadone
Opiates are ______ analgesics
Narcotic
______ is the most abundant ingredient in opium poppy
morphine
Greek god of dreams
morpheus
______ accounts for 10% of the weight of opium
morphine
Codeine is _______% weight of opium
5
Morphine is not very lipid soluble, it’s bioavailability is
15-40%
Codeine is less affected by stomach acid, making it’s bioavailabilty_______
90%
Oxycode avoids _______, and has abuse potential when it is ________, but new forms are produced to prevent abuse
first pass, melted and injected
Opiods that are highly lipid soluble become ____
protein bound
codeine and morphine show low levels of protein binding t/f
t
_____ crosses blood brain barrier 700% faster , and may interact with an un identified transport protein
Oxycodone
______ is morphine with two acetyl groups. The acetyl groups make it more ____ , allowing it to cross the BBB easier
Heroin, lipid soluble
Opiates mimick which NT’s
endorphins
Three types of endorphins
Enkephalins
Beta Endorphins
Dynorphins
What is a mu receptor
Opiod receptor that most opiods interact with involved in pain relief, euphoria, reward
Receptor involved in learning associations between drug and environment
Delta receptor
Anti reward opiod receptor
Kappa receptor
How do opiates act on the reward circuit
Activation of M receptors on GABA neurons inhibits release of GABA. GABA then does not inhibit dopamine, leaving excess DA in the reward circuit
Morphine is a ______ at M and D receptors
full agonist
Codeine is a full agonist at ____ receptors but is _____x lower than morphine
M , 200
Opiate effects on pain relief
Opiates attach to receptors along pain pathway and block signals
Noci ceptors send signals from skin to CNS about pain, opiods dampen these by reducing their excitability
Opiate effects generally diminish without ____
increasing dose
Tolerance to opiates does not develop for ____
GI symptoms
Tolerance mechanisms for opiates are
Functional (regulation of receptors) and metabolic
how is opium harvested
incising seed of poppy allowing white milky substances to ooze out
