Ophthamology- First Aid

Question 1

name the artery and vein that run with the optic disc

Answer 1

central retinal artery and vein

Question 2

what two structures does the hyaloid canal connect

Answer 2

the lens and the optic disc

Question 3

name the three layers of the eye

Answer 3

sclera (outer), choroid (middle, vascular), retina (inner)

Question 4

explain the physics of hyperopia

Answer 4

short eye; the image is refracted to behind the eye causing far-sightedness (can’t see close up)

Question 5

explain the physics of myopia

Answer 5

long eye; the image is refracted to a point within the eye causing near-sightedness (can’t see far)

Question 6

what is astigmatism

Answer 6

an abnormal curvature on the eye that leads to different refractive power at different axes

Question 7

what is presbyopia

Answer 7

decreased ability to focus on accomodation due to sclerosis and decreased elasticity

Question 8

what is uveitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the anterior uvea and iris with hypopyon (sterile pus) and conjunctival redness

Question 9

what is the uvea

Answer 9

the uvea is the middle layer of the eye; consists of the choroid, ciliary body and iris

Question 10

what conditions are associated with uveitis

Answer 10

systemic inflammatory disorders like sarcoid, rheumatoid arthritis, juvinile idiopathic arthritis, TB, and HLA-B27 associated conditions (psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, reactive arthritis)

Question 11

what two histiologic processes are seen with retinitis

Answer 11

edema and necrosis

Question 12

what pathogens are associated with retinitis and what abnormality predisposes to retinitis

Answer 12

CMV, HSV, HZV; immunosuppression

Question 13

how does a patient present when the central retinal artery is occluded and what can you see on physical exam

Answer 13

acute, monocular vision loss

retina appears cloudy with attenuated vessels and a cherry red spot at the fovea