ophthalmology & zoonotic disease Flashcards
which breeds of rabbit are predisposed to corneal dystrophies?
American Dutch belted rabbits accumulate cholesterol/lipids in the cornea spontaneously; the Wataabe rabbit has a heritable hyperlipidemia.
best option for treatment of pseudopterygium in rabbits?
resect the membrane a few millimeters beyond the limbus, then tx w/ abx/steroid combo drop or cyclosporine drop.
abscess in the iris has more than one ddx in rabbits! who knew.
ECUN obvs. Pasteurella abscess as well. Book recommends titers for both to distinguish. Hmmm.
congenital glaucoma in rabbits: discuss
Autosomal recessive
IOP high as early as 3 mo old
tx like any other glaucoma
If left untx, pressure on the ciliary body may eventually return the pressure to normal (like end stage in a dog) but owwwwwww
ocular signs of distemper in ferrets (4):
mucopurulent oculonasal d/c
blepharitis
corneal ulcers
KCS
corneal endothelial dystrophy in old mink
like in a dachshund
cataracts are common in ferrets. for why?
partially genetic (both dominant and recessive genes) dietary/nutritional - too high in fat, too low in protein or vit E (possible, not known for sure)
main possible complications of cataracts?
uveitis/glaucoma
lens sub/luxation
signs of retinal degeneration in a ferret
progressive blindness
mydriasis, low PLRs
retinal vascular attenuation, tapetal hyperreflectivity
infection of which salivary gland will cause exophthalmos?
Zygomatic
which type of tear test works better for guinea pigs?
phenol red thread, they make too little for a STT
how could you diagnose chlamydia caviae in a GP with conjunctivitis?
conj scraping for cytology - intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
The weird guinea pig eye bone thing. what is it:
osseous metaplasia in the anterior chaber (choristoma). covers the iridocorneal angle
book says incidental finding, everywhere else says glaucoma
ddx for red tears in a rat (besides pain and stress):
SIADV - very contagious coronavirus
parainfluenza virus type 3
sendai virus
ammonia buildup in bedding
what medication can cause a temporary, reversible cataract in rats and mice?
xylazine! the fuck?
which species can transmit campylobacter?
pet hamsters; may also have happened in a research colony of ferrets, no reports in pet ferrets (also dogs, cats and horses)
guinea pig respiratory zoonosis
Chlamydia caviae. apparently bordetella is also a very low/theoretical risk
corynebacterium kutscheri can be zoonotic from
Ratmice. Single case of chorioamnionitis in a human, so not exactly setting the world on fire, but the bug is ubiquitous in ratmice.
francisella tularensis zoonotic from
Cats! or (rarely) wild rodents/lagomorphs. aerosol, direct, ectoparasitic
Leptospirosis zoonotic from
pet ratmice. owners and one veterinarian. Handwashing is not enough; wear gloves. Also from ferrets used for hunting.
Listeria zoonotic from
Ferrets. It’s ubiquitous sadly. very rare reports though. generally from immunocompromised ferret. can make ferrets very sick.
Mycobacterium spp zoonotic from
ferrets. primarily in europe, where they are used for hunting and fed a lot of raw meat.
Mycoplasma in humans: fun facts
Lots of people who handle rats have positive titers. clinical significance quite unclear at this time.
Pasteurella multocida can affect people how?
primarily through bites or scratches from rabbits/rodents. Young children and immunocompromised adults primary concern.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and chinchillas: what is the deal
Many have it (estimate up to 42%), symptomatic or not. usually MDR. nosocomial infections to people can result, esp from food/water bowls, contamination, etc. Nasty bug, clean carefully
Causative agents for rat bite fever?
streptobacillus moniliformis, sprillumn minus. incubation is longer for streptobacillus. Primary route is bite (hence name) but 30% of diagnosed patients do not have a history of a bite wound so fomite/contact transfer appears to be a thing. Can be fatal.
Most rodents + ferrets are subclinical reservoirs for salmonella, apart from whom?
guinea pigs who become septic.
Strep pneumoniae zoonotic from which spp?
Primarily rats and guinea pigs, but can be any spp.
Seoul strain of the hantavirus can be found in
Norway rats & black rats - primarily wild, but research colonies have also been affected, and one owner of pet rats. rats don’t get sick, they just carry it. Test for antibodies.
Primary reservoir of LCMV?
House mouse. Hamster and guinea pig also competent reservoirs.
Monkeypox virus: fun facts
Single distributor, multiple species - pouched rat, prairie dogs; the pdogs gave it to a rabbit who gave it to a person too. Not an issue in the US since then.
Hymenolepsis can affect people through what route?
inadvertent ingestion of feces from a host rodent (rats hamsters, mice)
Trixacarus caviae: what is it
guinea pig fur mite. Guinea pigs can be asymptomatic unless stressed! can also cause dermatitis in people (especially children)
cheyletiella is zoonotic. Gross.
self-limiting gross skin issues.
