dentistry, anesthesia, analgesia Flashcards
(38 cards)
in rabbits, which teeth have the worst px when abscessed, and why?
Mandib CT 4&5.
Infections spread beneath the masseter, harder to clean out
Bone debridement is difficult at best - cranial & rostral masseteric fossa is very thin cf. ramus, prone to fx
In rabbits, the alveolar bulla of the skull communicates with which CTs?
Apices of maxillary CT 3-6. Abscesses of any of those can lead to retrobulbar abscesses
In rabbits, which maxillary CT can be accessed via lateral/extraoral approach?
maxillary CT1 & 2 only. zygomatic arch covers others.
how do you access the roots/apices of maxillary CT3-6 (rabbits)?
option 1) through fistula with intraoral approach
option 2) lateral via partial ostectomy of zygomatic arch
option 3) for really huge abscesses, sometimes dorsolateral approach through the orbital fossa
why are guinea pig mandib CT hard to deal with?
1) curved so intraoral challenging; 2) the masseter muscles cover the whole side of the face so they are hard to get through to, period.
Alpha 2s through SC approach: what to expect
local vasoconstriction, will cause slow or erratic uptake
Downside of xylazine in small herbivores
increased sensitivity to catecholamine-induced arrhythmias
Ket/med vs ket/midaz (in Healthy rabbits):
Ket/med: Faster intubation, better iso-sparing, less heat loss via esophageal probe. BUT, more laryngospasm with the ket/med.
Ket/med vs med/midaz/fent
Ket/med: better qual & length of anesthesia. resp acidosis and dec pA02 devel in both groups. More apnea post intubation in the fentanyl group.
Alpha 2s in guinea pigs:
Overall, response is less uniform
In chinch, dexmedetomidine/ketamine:
consistent level anesthesia, rapid induction & recovery
BUT longer post-anesthetic anorexia/slower fecal output
which patients are most likely to become hypotensive with ketamine, and why?
negative inotrope. Stressy patient will already be as sympathetically maxed as possible, so no way to comp for the neg inotropy, will decrease. Less likely an issue in less stressy patients.
In what patients is ketamine contraindicated?
HCM (duh)
Super-stressed (unmasking/low BP)
Possibly if renal compromised. Only an issue in speies that have renal excretion of specific metabolite, norketamine (i.e. cats). Rats, mice and rabbits this is not a prob, they excrete a diff metabolite. Other ECM spp, we don’t know. so as a general rule, don’t use it.
What is apneustic ventilation and what drug causes it?
Prolonged pause after inhalation. Ketamine.
Ket/alpha 2 combos, esp at higher doses, are more likely to cause what types of issues, compared to ket/midaz?
mild to severe dose-dependent hypotension and bradyarrhythmias
telazol contrainidcated in who?
def in rabbits, at >30 mg/kg; in general not used much in rabbits period
how long does propofol take to reach peak effect, per pink book?
2 minutes! much longer than we usually assume
alfaxan dosing for rabbits?
4 & 6 mg/kg IM were tolerated well, one rabbit died after resp arrest w/ 8 mg/kg IM dose (otherwise healthy rabbits)
pink book lists what doses for alfaxan, domitor, torb combo given to rabbits for anesthesia?
Alfaxan 6 mg/kg
Domitor 0.2 mg/kg
Butorphanol 0.3 mg/kg
Anesthesia lasted 1 hour, recovery time lasted 2.5 hours
pink book lists what dose for alfaxan alone to a guinea pig?
5 mg/kg IM sole agent produced light sedation for imaging for 30 minutes, no significant cardioresp side effects. 20 mg/kg SC as sole agent gave sedation for 60 minutes.
Pink book lists what info about alfaxan for chinchillas?
Alfaxan alone at 5-10 mg SC/IM did not achieve satisfactory sedation. Added torb 0.5 mg/kg, gave rapid short-term anesthesia, inconsistent depth. SIGNIFICANT DROP IN FOOD INTAKE AFTERWARD - NOT RECOMMENDED.
Alfaxalone in ferrets per pink book
Sucks big hairy donkey balls. 5-10mg/kg IM alone or with tramadol did not anesthetize them. when inc to 10 and 20 mg/kg IM 2 ferrets died!
Rats on alfaxan per the pink book (peritoneal dosing is all that’s listed?)
alfaxan alone was pretty sucky in rats (given IP). at huge doses, and combined with fentanyla nd domitor, able to do surgery. Weird.
Etomidate. Fast facts.
IV induction agent, can cause local blood/vein reactions, laryngospasm more likely, less effect on sympathetic nervous system. Inhibits cortisol secretion.
