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Clin Med II > Ophthalmology with no pictures :) > Flashcards

Ophthalmology with no pictures :) Flashcards

1
Q

How does age affect pupil size?

A

The older the patient, the smaller the pupil

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2
Q

Physiologic anisocoria

A
  • Pupils of different sizes
  • Normal
  • Affects about 20% of the population
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3
Q

More technical term for “accommodation”

A

Near synkenesis

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4
Q

Psychosensory reflex

A

When people become startled, their pupils momentarily dilate

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5
Q

Term describing the small, regular movements of the pupils when examined under high magnification

A

Pupillary unrest

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6
Q

Which nervous system is responsible for pupil dilation?

A

Sympathetic (NE)

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7
Q

Which nervous system is responsible for pupil constriction?

A

Parasympathetic (ACh)

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8
Q

Which nucleus in the brain receive information from the optic tract?

A

Prenectal nucleus

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9
Q

Central scotomas

A

An area of reduced or absent vision in the center of vision, within an otherwise intact visual field

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10
Q

An area of reduced or absent vision in the center of vision, within an otherwise intact visual field

A

Central scotomas

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11
Q

Loss of either the right half or the left half of the visual field on the same side of each eye

A

Homonymous visual field defects

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12
Q

Ametropia

A

Refractive errors

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13
Q

Umbrella term for all “refractive errors”

A

Ametropia

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14
Q

Emmetropia

A

Absolutely no refractive errors

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15
Q

Term referring to absolutely no refractive errors

A

Emmetropia

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16
Q

Refractive error in which you can see clearly close up, bur far away vision is blurred

A

Myopia

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17
Q

Is a myopic eye too short or too long?

A

Too long

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18
Q

Is a hyperopic eye too short or too long?

A

Too short

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19
Q

Refractive error in which you can see clearly far away, but close-up vision is blurred

A

Hyperopia

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20
Q

Refractive error in which the patient is unable to see close-up due to lens changes

A

Presbyopia

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21
Q

Presbyopia

A

Unable to see close-up due to lens changes

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22
Q

What should you think if a cornea looks like “ground glass”?

A
  • Corneal edema

- When the cornea takes on a lot of water, it will get hazy or whitish

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23
Q

MCC of corneal edema

A

Angle-closure glaucoma

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24
Q

Bleeding inside the eye (what’s it called?)

A

Hyphema

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25
Q

MCC of Hyphema

A
  • Diabetes

- If not diabetes, MCC is trauma

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26
Q

What should you suspect if there’s no red reflex but the lens appears clear

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

27
Q

MCC of vitreous hemorrhage

A

Diabetes

28
Q

Sudden, persistent, catastrophic visual loss that is painless and occurs over a period of seconds

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

29
Q

What treatment options are available for a central retinal artery occlusion until you’re able to get the pt to an ophthalmologist?

A
  • Rebreathe air in paper bag

- Have them close their eye and put pressure on it with their hand

30
Q

Sudden, transient, painless visual loss

A

Amaurosis Fugax

31
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

Sudden, transient, painless visual loss

32
Q

Cause of Amaurosis fugax

A

A temporary arterial obstruction that spontaneously clears

33
Q

Painless vision blurring, noticed most often in the mornings after rising

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

34
Q

“Blood and thunder” retina is associated with what pathology?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

35
Q

Classic migraine

A

Associated with a visual prodrome

36
Q

Common migraine

A

Associated with a prodrome other than visual

37
Q

Complicated migraine

A

Prodrome lasts into the onset of the HA

38
Q

Visual field loss of the lower half only is associated with?

A

Ischemic optic neuropathy (giant cell arteritis)

39
Q

Young adult presents with mocular loss of vision with pain on movement of eye. Suspicion?

A

Retrobulbar optic neuritis (commonly associated with MS)

40
Q

What does a hordeolum become when it’s present for several months and is not infected?

A

Chalazion

41
Q

Swelling of the lacrimal glands

A

Dacryoadenitis

42
Q

Dacryoadenitis MC cause

A
  • (Swelling of the lacrimal glands)

- Mumps is MCC

43
Q

Infection of the nasolacrimal duct/sac

A

Dacryocystitis

44
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Infection/inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct

45
Q

Discharge associated with bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Purulent

46
Q

Discharge associated with viral conjunctivitis

A

Clear

47
Q

Discharge associated with allergic conjunctivitis

A

Stringy, white mucous

48
Q

Inflammatory condition of the superficial tissue overlying the sclera that presents with redness and tenderness

A

Episcleritis or scleritis

49
Q

Is episcleritis or scleritis more dangerous?

A

Scleritis

50
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

Dry eye

51
Q

Benign pathologic change in the bulbar conjunctiva at the palpebral fissure that has NOT extended onto the cornea

A

Pinguecula

52
Q

Benign pathologic change in the bulbar conjunctiva at the palpebral fissure that HAS extended onto the cornea

A

Pterygium

53
Q

Pressure patches are sometimes used in the tx or a corneal abrasion. When should it not be used?

A
  • If the abrasion is from wearing contacts too long

- Can result in a high frequency of bacterial infections that may be blinding

54
Q

For what type of injury is cyanoacrylate glue sometimes used as part of the treatment?

A

Corneal ulcer

55
Q

Does open or closed angle glaucoma tend to occur at an earlier age?

A

Open-angle

56
Q

Is open- or closed-angle glaucoma higher pressure?

A

Closed-angle

57
Q

Tool that a patient with macular degeneration can use to assess for acute vision changes in the macula of one eye

A

Amsler grid

58
Q

Describe Tonic (Adie’s) pupil

A
  • The tonic pupil is larger than the other in ordinary light

- Reacts to accommodation, but not to light

59
Q

Bell’s palsy is the paralysis of what cranial nerve?

A

VII (7)

60
Q

MC presenting symptoms with myasthenia gravis

A
  • Ptosis

- Double vision

61
Q

First step in evaluating a patient with papilledema

A

Check their BP

62
Q

Keratic preciptates

A
  • Large clumps of cellular deposits on the inside of the cornea
  • AKA “mutton fat”
63
Q

Procedure involving closure of the outer 1/3 of the eyelids together

A

Tarsorraphy

Clin Med II (9 decks)

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