Ophthalmology Flashcards
What conditions is blepharitis associated with?
Blepharitis may be associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis, dry eye syndrome and acne rosacea.
Action of Timolol in Glaucoma
reducing aqueous production
Action of Prostaglandin analogues in Glaucoma
increasing aqueous outflow via the uveoscleral route.
Anterior Uveitis, Genital Ulcers, Mouth Ulcers
Behcet’s syndrome
Diagnosis. dilated pupil that once constricted remains small for unusually long
Holmes-Adie pupil
Features of Holmes-Adie Pupil
More common in females
Unilateral (80%) dilated pupil
Once constricted remains small for unusually long
Poor accommodation and light reflexes
Associated with absent lower limb tendon reflexes
Features of Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Irregular small pupils
Remember ARP -> Accommodation Reflex Present
Remember PRA -> Pupillary Reflex Absent (no response to light)
Associated with neurosyphilis and diabetes mellitus
What is Marcus-Gunn Pupil?
RAPD
Features of RAPD
Diagnosed with ‘swinging light’ test
Shows lesion anterior to optic chiasm e.g. retinal detachment, optic neuritis (MS)
Both eyes dilate when light is shone on affected eye
Pathway of pupillary light reflex
afferent: retina → optic nerve → lateral geniculate body → midbrain
efferent: Edinger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain) → oculomotor nerve
Medications used in Glaucoma
1 - Prostaglandins - Lantoprost (increases uveoscleral drainage)
2 - CA inhibitors - IV Acetazolamide (reduces aq production)
3 - Beta-blockers - Timolol (reduces aq production)
4 - Parasympathomimetics - Pilocarpine (increases outflow)
5 - Sympathomimetics (decreases aq production and increases outflow)
Side effects of Latanoprost
eye lash growth
darkened iris and eye lid
dry eyes
Definitive treatment for acute glaucoma
Laser iridotomy
