ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is spasmus nutans?

A

Benign transient disorder with pendular nystagmus, intermittent head tilting and head bobbing

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2
Q

What eye problem is common in patients with sturge weber?

A

Glaucoma

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3
Q

What are two important conditions to consider in a newborn with congenital cataracts?

A

Rubella

Galactosemia

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4
Q

How can you rule out pseudostrabismus?

A

Cover test

Symmetrical light reflex

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5
Q

What is the problem with untreated strabismus?

A

Amblyopia will develop with loss of binocular vision if not detected by age 6

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6
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for an external hordeolum?

A

Aka stye - warm compresses and topical antibiotics (no PO antibiotics needed)

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7
Q

at what point would you refer a patient with dacryostenosis to a specialist ?

A

Is not resolved by 12 months

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8
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for a 2 month old with excess tearing of left eye with mucoid discharge and occasional cough and nasal congestion ?

A

Nasolacrimal duct massage (chlamydial conjunctivitis would be bilateral)

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9
Q

What bacterial infection should you consider in a patient from a developing country who presents with high fever and decreased extra-ocular motion with proptosis?

A

H influenza type B (orbital cellulitis)

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10
Q

How would you diagnose and treat and patient with intermittent sharp eye pain with photophobia and excessive tearing?

A

Fluorescein staining then topical antibiotic (pressure patch no longer recommended treatment)

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11
Q

You are presented with a patient with a 4 month hx of painless module on upper eyelid, what is the appropriate treatment?

A

Consult ophthalmology

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12
Q

What should you do for a patient who wears contacts and presents with a red eye?

A

Referral to ophthalmology

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13
Q

What diagnosis presents with unilateral decrease in visual acuity after viral illness and what do you expect to see in funduscopic exam?

A

Papillitis - engorged & inflamed optic disc

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14
Q

What diagnosis presents as an enlarged blind spot with normal visual acuity and loss of arteriovenous pulsations?

A

Papilledema

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15
Q

What diagnosis presents with pallor of the optic disc, narrow arterioles and peripheral retinal pigment deposition? What syndrome can be associated with this finding?

A

Retinitis pigmentosa - usher syndrome

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16
Q

When should jnfants be screened for ROP?

A

At 31-34 weeks gestational age OR 4-6 weeks after birth (whichever is later)

17
Q

What infants need to be screened for ROP?

A

Birthweight <1500g or GA <32 wks
Or
Birthweight 1500-2000g plus unstable clinically

18
Q

What is the greatest risk factor for developing ROP ??

A

Prematurity (gestation <28 weeks) - don’t be tricked into picking oxygen therapy which is a contributing factor but no the primary risk factor

19
Q

What is the term associated with nystagmus in both directions and what is it a sign of?

A

Pendular nystagmus - sign of multiple sclerosis or spinocerebellar disease