Ophthalmology

Question 1

How would ARMD age related macular degeneration present

Answer 1

Elderly
Gradual onset
Loss of central vision (since macular)
Visual distortion (metamorphopsia) — straight linear objects become wavy
Peripheral vision remains

Question 2

What is dry ARMD

Answer 2

It is the non-neovascular and non-exudative type of ARMD

Accounts for 90% of ARMD but only 10% of ARMD related blinding — gradual progression

On fundoscopy
Drusen
RPE retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (black dots on macular)
Geographic atrophy

Question 3

What is Wet ARMD

Answer 3

It is the neovascular and exudative type of ARMD

Rapidly progressive

Sudden reduction = subretinal bleed from the CNV Choroidal neovascular membrane (hallmark)

Fundoscopy
Drusen
RPE retinal pigment epithelium detachment
Intra retinal haemorrhage
Disciform scar (end stage)