Neurology

Question 1

types of migraine

Answer 1

classical: migraine w aura within 60 mins prior to migraine

common: migraine w/o aura

Question 2

what is a seizure vs epilepsy vs status epilepticus

Answer 2

seizure: transient neurological symptoms due to excessive synchronous neuronal activity —- either provoked by a reversible factor that lowers seizure threshold or unprovoked

epilepsy: 2 or more unprovoked seizures occuring >24 hrs apart OR 1 unprovoked seizure + high probability of further seizures over the next 10 years

status epilepticus: continuous convulsive seizure of >5 mins or 2 seizures without complete resolution of postictal encephalopathy

Question 3

classification of seizures

Answer 3

acc to ILAE 2017

generalised onset — involves the brain diffusely

tonic clonic aka grand mal seizures
tonic phase (10-20s) = contraction of muscles
clonic phase (30s) = intermittent relaxing & tensing of muscles

absence seizures aka petite mal = transient lapses of consciousness w/o loss of postural tone

myoclonic = sudden brief contractions (jerky movements of limbs)

focal onset — involves discrete brain area

aware
focal motor/autonomic symptoms (aka simple partial seizure)
focal sensory/psychic symptoms (ie aura)

impaired consciousness
dyscognitive features (aka complex partial seizure)

if evolves to bilateral convulsive seizure = focal with progression to bilateral tonic clonic

unknown onset

unclassified