Ophthalmic Surgery Flashcards
What are the seven bones that come together to form the orbital cavity?
Frontal, lacrimal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, zygomatic, and palatine bones.
The optic nerve enters the posterior orbital cavity through the
Optic foramen.
The eyelids are composed of fibrous connective tissue referred to as
Tarsal plate
Eyelids are also called
Palpebral
The space or interval between the upper and lower lids is called
Palperbral fissure
The juncture of the eyelids is called
Canthus
The globe is seperated into two cavities. What are they called.
The anterior and posterior cavity
How many muscles attach the sclera to the bony orbit?
6
What is the thin, transparent mucous membrane that lines each eyelid?
Palpebral conjunctiva
What is the thin, transparent mucous membrane that is reflected onto the globe called?
Bulbar conjunctiva.
What is the clear avascular tissue lying in the front of the eyeball?
Cornea
Where the cornea and sclera meet is called the
Limbus
The cornea is composed of three layers, what are they?
Epithelium, stroma, and endothelium
The thick white fibrous tissue that encloses three fourths of the eye is called
The sclera
What is the highly vascular pigmented layer of the eye, whose primary function is to prevent the reflection of light within the eyeball?
Choroid
What is the smooth-muscle tissue to which the suspensory ligaments are attached?
The ciliary body
The pigmented muscular layer is called?
The iris
The innermost layer of the globe, which is the photoreceptive layer is called
The retina
The distinct area of acute vision that lies near the optic nerve is called
The macula
The area that has no photoreceptors where the optic nerve exits the globe in an area of dense neurons is called
The optic disc.
The lens directly behind what
The iris in the anterior chamber
The lens is held in placed by suspensory ligaments called what
Zonules
The posterior cavity is filled with `
Viterous gel
The anterior cavity of the eye is divided into two chambers called what?
Anterior and posterior chambers
What lies between the anterior and posterior chambers?
The iris.
What fills the anterior chamber?
The aqueous humor
The aqueous humor is produced by
Ciliary epithelium
What is the flow of aqueous humor?
The aqueous humor passes through the anterior and posterior chamber between the iris and lens. It then passes through the canal of schlemm and is shunted directly into the venous system.
Where are tears prodcued?
Lacrimal apparatus
Lens continually changes shape to keep the image focused on the fovea is called
Accommodation
A test for visual acuity
Refraction
What is used to measure intraocualar eye pressure?
Tonometer
what is used extensively in the diagnosis and evaluation of retinal and chorid diseases?
Fluorescein angiography
Anxiety can result in increased _________ and __________.
Hemorrhage and intraocular pressure.
What is the standard approved eye prep antiseptic for eye surgery?
Diluted povidone-iodine 5% or as directed by the surgeon.
What is used for irrigation?
TB or 3ml syringe. With bss
Commonly used injectable local anesthetics include
Procaine (Novocaine) 1 to 4% or lidocaine 1 to 2%
Commonly used topical anesthetics incluse
Proparacaine (Proxymetacaine, Alcaine parcaine) and benoxinate hyrdochloride
Sponges are never used on
The cornea
An inflammatory benign growth that originates in a sevaceous gland of the eyelid
Chalazion
Removal of Nodal tissue araising from a sebaceous gland is excised from the tarsal plate.
Excision of a chalazion
Creation of a permanent opening in the tear duct for the drainage of tears.
Dacryocystorhinostomy.
Where is the incision for an excision of a chalazion?
Conjunctival
Where is the incision for a dacryocystorhinostomy?
Median canthus
Condition in which the eyes are unable to focus on point because the muscles lack coordination
Strabismus
The muscle is detached from its insertion moved posteriory and reattached.
Medial rectus recession.
A portion of the muscle is excided and the severed end is reattached at the origginal site of insertion.
Lateral rectus resection.
patients who undergo muscle procedures often experience what postoperative?
Nausea and vomiting caused by the vagal reflex during surgery.
