Ophtalmology

Question 1

What’s your diagnosis?

Answer 1

Oculomotor palsy

Question 2

A lesion at #2 would give you which type of vision?

Answer 2

Complete monoocular visual loss of right eye (OD)

Question 3

What’s your diagnosis?

Answer 3

Abducens nerve palsy: unopposed medical rectus because of disabled lateral rectus

Question 4

What can cause horizontal diplopia?

Answer 4

LR (CN VI) or MR (CN III) problem

Question 5

A lesion at #4 would give you which type of vision?

Answer 5

Left homonymous hemianopsia

Question 6

RighA lesion at #3 (Meyer’s loop) would give you which type of vision?

Answer 6

Left superior quadrantanopsia

Question 7

What nerve is responsible for corneal reflex?

Answer 7

1. CN V
2. CN VII

Question 8

A lesion at #1 would give you which type of vision?

Answer 8

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Question 9

What are the 2 important questions to assess diplopia?

Answer 9

1. What does the patient mean?
2. If it is two images, is the problem monocular or binocular?

Question 10

What is the function of cones?

Answer 10

Colors with low sensitivity to light (no colour vision with poor illumination)

Question 11

What is the function of rods?

Answer 11

Colors for low illumination vision only

Question 12

What nerve is responsible for pupillary reflex?

Answer 12

CN III

Question 13

What can cause Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 13

1. Lateral brainstem or cervical spinal cord lesion
2. Superior cervical ganglion (“Pancoast” lung tumor)
3. Carotid artery dissection

Question 14

Dilation of the pupil is under the control of which system?

Answer 14

Sympathetic

Question 15

What happens if you have a narrow angle of anterior?

Answer 15

Accumulation of aqueous humour that leads to acute glaucoma

Question 16

Constriction of the pupil is under the control of which system?

Answer 16

Parasympathetic

Question 17

What’s your diagnosis?

Answer 17

Trochlear nerve palsy: unopposed inferior oblique due to desabled superior oblique

Question 18

Normal visual field but decreased visual acuity is a sign of lesion where?

Answer 18

Ocular (Cornea, Lens, vitreous)

Question 19

Decrease visual acuity if a sign of lesion where?

Answer 19

1. Ocular (Cornea, Lens, vitreous)
2. Retina/Optic Nerve

Question 20

What is the problem if the diplopia is binocular?

Answer 20

Diplopia is caused by misalignment of the two eyes

Question 21

What can cause vertical diplopia?

Answer 21

IR (up, CN III) or SO (down, CN IV)

Question 22

What is the fovea?

Answer 22

The point of maximum concentration of photoreceptors (mostly cones)

Question 23

1. Miosis
2. (Mild) Ptosis
3. Reduced Sweating

What’s your diagnosis?

Answer 23

Horner’s syndrome

Question 24

What are the layers of the eye?

Answer 24

Question 25

Binocular visual loss is a sign of lesion where?

Answer 25

1. Optic chiasm
2. Retro-chiasmatic

Question 26

What nerve is responsible for vestibulo-occular reflex?

Answer 26

1. CN III
2. CN IV
3. CN VIII

Question 27

Positive RAPD test is a sign of lesion where?

Answer 27

1. Ocular (Cornea, Lens, vitreous)
2. Retina/Optic Nerv

Question 28

Where is the problem if the diplopia is monocular?

Answer 28

Internal eye problem (Cornea, lens, foreign body, etc…)

Question 29

What is Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect?

Answer 29

The “swinging flashlight test” is a special test used to determine if there is a subtle, partial afferent defect

Question 30

Abnormal visual field is a sign of lesion where?

Answer 30

1. Retina/Optic Nerve
2. Chiasm
3. Retro-chiasmatic