Anatomy_Theory Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
A
- Sensation
- Spacial relationships
- Vision
- Attention
2
Q
What arteries supply the frontal lobe?
A
- ACA
- MCA
3
Q
What is the pathway of CN VII?
A
Pons –> internal acoustic meatus –> stylo-mastoid foramen –> parotid gland –> cheek
4
Q
What are the functions of the occipital lobe?
A
- Vision
- Visual recognition
5
Q
Where does the CN III exist the cranial cavity?
A
Superior orbital fissure
6
Q
Where in the brain is the vomiting center?
A
Medulla
7
Q
What arteries supply the medulla?
A
- Vertebral artery
- Anterior spinal artery
- PICA
8
Q
What lobes do the Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure) separates?
A
Frontal and Temporal
9
Q
What is the function of CN VI (ABDUCENS)?
A
Eye movement (motor)
10
Q
What arteries supply the thalamus?
A
- ACA
- Posterior communicating artery
11
Q
Which nerves pass in the Cavernous sinus?
A
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN V: V1 + V2
- CN VI
12
Q
What is the function of CN V (TRIGEMINAL)?
A
Mastication and facial sensation (sensory and motor)
13
Q
What is the function of CN I (OLFACTORY)?
A
Smell (sensory)
14
Q
Where does the CN VIII exist the cranial cavity?
A
Internal auditory canal
15
Q
Where is the nucleus of CN VII?
A
In the pons
16
Q
What arteries supply the mibrain?
A
- Basilar
- Superior cerebellar
- Posterior cerebral
17
Q
What are the vocal cords?
A
- True vocal cords: vocal ligaments (the margins of the crico-thyroid ligament)
- False vocal cords: vestibular ligaments (the margins of quadrangular membrane)
18
Q
What are the soft palate muscles?
A
- Levator veli palatini
- Tensor veli palatini (innervated by V3)
- Palatopharyngeus
19
Q
What is the function of CN X (VAGUS)?
A
Taste from supraglottic region, swallowing, soft palate elevation, talking and cough reflex (sensory, motor, sympathetic and parasympathetic)
20
Q
Where does the CN X exist the cranial cavity?
A
Jugular foramen
21
Q
What nerves are involved in deglutition?
A
- SENSORY: V, IX, X
- MOTOR: V, VII, IX, XII, C1
22
Q
Where does the CN VII exist the cranial cavity?
A
Internal auditory canal
23
Q
What forms the basal ganglia?
A
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substancia Nigra
24
Q
Where is the nucleus of CN IV?
A
In the midbrain
25
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
* Hearing
* Language comprehension (Wernicke)
* Memory (hippocampus)
* Emotion (limbic system)
26
Which CN is from the medulla?
1. **V**
2. IX
3. X
4. XII
27
What is the function of CN II (**OPTIC**) ?
Sight (sensory)
28
How do lesions of brainstem manifest?
* Alteration of consciousness
* Cranial Nerve findings
* “Crossed” face and body findings
* Lesion of a cranial nerve will cause ipsilateral findings
* Lesion of a tract in the brainstem will cause contralateral findings
29
Where does the CN XI exist the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
30
What is the function of CN IV (**TROCHLEAR**)?
Eye movement (motor)
31
Where does the CN IV exist the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
32
What are the meninges?
1. **The pia mater** is thin, transparent, and really not visible on gross inspection
1. **Subarachnoid** space
1. **The arachnoid** mater is visible as a thin, semi-transparent covering
1. **Sudural** space
1. **The dura** is the much thicker, outer layer that has the consistency of leather
1. **Epidural** space
33
What is the pathway of CFS?
Choroid plexus
--\> Intraventricular foramen of Monroe
--\> Third ventricle
--\> Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
--\> Fourth ventricle
--\> Foramenae of Megendi (midline) and Luschka (lateral)
--\> Sub-arachnoid space
--\> Arachnoid villi
--\> Venous sinuses
34
What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles and their connections?
1. **Superior** cerebellar peduncle **to thalamus**
2. **Middle** cerebellar peduncle **from cortex**
3. **Inferior** cerebellar peduncle **from spinal cord, vestibular nuclei**
35
Submandibular ganglion contains what nerve fibers?
1. Parasympathetic fibers from V3
2. Chorda tympani from CN VII
36
Where does the CN I exist the cranial cavity?
Cribiform plate
37
What is the function of CN XII (**HYPOGLOSSAL**)?
Tongue movement (motor)
38
Where is the nucleus of CN V?
In the medulla AND the pons
39
What lobe is affected if you have an contralateral neglect?
Parietal
40
Why do cerebellum hemisphere coordinates ipsilateral limb movements?
Because they cross over twice
41
Where does the CN XII exist the cranial cavity?
Hypoglossal canal
42
Where is the area of language in the brain?
Most of the time in the left cerebral hemisphere
43
What does the vermis of cerebellum control?
Axial movements
44
What parasympathetic ganglions comes from CN V3?
1. Otic ganglion
2. Submandibular ganglion
45
Pterygopalatine ganglion contains what nerve fibers?
1. Parasympathetic from V2
2. Greater petrossal nerve from CN VII
46
Pterygopalatine ganglion innvervates which glands of the face?
1. Lacrimal gland
2. Palatine glands
47
What lobe is affected if you have an apraxia?
Parietal
48
What extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
1. Genio-glossus
2. Stylo-glossus
3. Hyo-glossus
49
Which CN exist the cranial cavity via the superior orbital fissure?
* CN III
* CN IV
* CN V1
* CN VI
50
Following a stroke:
* Apraxia or aphasia
* Contralateral hemianesthesia and hemiplegia of face and arms
What artery is involved?
Middle cerebral artery
51
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
* Mouvement
* Eye movement
* Social judgment
* Language production (Broca)
* Executive functions
52
Where is the nucleus of CN III?
In the midbrain
53
Sensory neglect and apraxia usually develop in wich hemisphere?
The nondominant one (usually right)
54
What important vessel travels in the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery
55
What lobes do the Central Sulcus (Rolandic fissure) separates?
Frontal and Parietal lobes
56
What muscles open the vocal cords?
Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle
57
What is the function of CN XI (**ACCESSORY**)?
Head turning and trapezius (motor)
58
Optic ganglion contains what nerve fibers?
1. Parasympathetic from V3
2. Lesser petrosal nerve from CV IX
59
Which CN is from the the pons?
1. **V**
2. VI
3. VII
4. VIII
60
What is the function of CN VIII (**VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR**)?
Hearing and balance (sensory)
61
Where does the CN V exist the cranial cavity?
1. Superior orbital fissure (V1)
2. Foramen rotundum (V2)
3. Foramen ovale (V3)
62
Where does the CN II exist the cranial cavity?
Optic canal
63
What are the functions of the thalamus?
* Sensory relay station
* Emotion and memory
* Motor relay station
64
What are the pharyngeal longitudinal muscles?
1. Stylopharyngeus (**landmark for CN IX**)
2. Palatopharyngeus (**forms palate-pharyngeal arch**)
3. Salpingoparyngeus (**landmark for pharyngotympanic tube**)
65
Where is the nucleus of CN IX?
In the medulla: SAME NUCLEUS AS CN X
66
What arteries supply the temporal lobe?
1. ACA
2. MCA
3. Temper-occipital artery
67
Vagus (CN X) nerve innervated all of soft palate muscles except which one?
Tensor veli palatini
68
Where is the nucleus of CN VI?
In the pons
69
What is the function of CN VII (**FACIAL**)?
Facial movement and taste from anterior tongue (sensory, motor and parasympathetic)
70
Where is the nucleus of CN X?
In the medulla: SAME NUCLEUS AS CN IX
71
What is the function of CN III (**OCULOMOTOR**)?
Eye movement (motor and parasympathetic)
72
Which CN is from the midbrain?
1. III
2. IV
73
Where is the nucleus of CN XII?
In the medulla
74
What is the function of CN IX (**GLOSSOOHARYNGEAL**)?
Taste from posterior tongue, salivation and swallowing (sensory, motor and parasympathetic)
75
Where does the parasympathetic innervation of the face come from?
1. CN VII
--\> From brainstem
1. CN IV
76
Output from the cerebellar cortex pass via which important cells?
Purkinje cells
77
What arteries supply the pons?
1. Basilar artery
2. AICA
78
What muscles close the vocal cords?
Lateral crico-arytenoid muscle
79
Otic ganglion innvervates which glands of the face?
Parotid gland
80
Where does the CN IX exist the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
81
Where is the nucleus of CN VIII?
In the pons
82
Where does the CN VI exist the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
83
What artery supplies the occipital lobe?
PCA
84
What arteries supply the parietal lobe?
1. ACA
2. MCA
85
What are the functions of basal ganglia?
Initiation of purposeful **movement** (mediator: **DOPAMINE**)
86
What happens when the inner and the outer layer of the Dura split?
* Falx cerebri (dura projection between cerebral hemispheres)
* Tentorium cerebelli (dura projection between cerebrum and cerebellum)
87
What parasympathetic ganglion comes from CN V2?
Pterygopalatine ganglion
88
If someone has a monotone voice, what nerve is injured?
The external branch of superior pharyngeal nerve
89
Following a stroke
* Urinary incontinence
* Grasp reflex
* Contralateral hemianesthesia and hemiplegia
What artery is involved?
Anterior cerebral artery
90
Submandibular ganglion innvervates which glands of the face?
1. Sublingual gland
2. Submandibular gland
91
What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?
1. Major arteries of the brain
2. Major veins before they drain into the dural venous sinuses
3. CSF that has exited the 4th ventricle and will be absorbed into the dural venous sinus
