Operative Dent Session 4

Question 1

what are the 5 types of hand dental instruments

Answer 1

cutting
carving
burnishing
condensing
miscellaneous

Question 2

what are the rotary instruments

Answer 2

dental handpieces
burs
rubber polishing points
stones
disks

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of a hand instrument

Answer 3

1) blade (working end)
2) shank (in between blade and shaft)
3) handle (shaft)

Question 4

describe the 3 number formula and cutting edge

Answer 4

1st: width of blade in tenths of mm
2nd: length of blade in mm
3rd: angulation of blade in centigrade degrees to long axis of handle
- always at a right angle to the long axis of the blade

Question 5

describe the 4 number formula and cutting edge

Answer 5

1: width of blade in tenths of mm
2: angulation of cutting edge in centigrade degrees to long axis of the blade
3: length of blade in mm
4: angulation of blade in centigrade degrees to long axis of handle

Question 6

describe the utilization of the mouth mirror

Answer 6

indirect vision and retraction of soft tissues to improve access or vision

Question 7

describe the utilization of the explorer. what are the 2 ends?

Answer 7

verify margins of restoration, cavitation proximally and on smooth surfaces, diameter of explorer tip is 0.5mm
- cow horn end and shepard’s hook end

Question 8

describe the utilization of the probe

Answer 8

• measure pocket depths
• 3mm increments and 1 mm increments
• verify cavitation pits and fissures

Question 9

what are the types of cutters

Answer 9

• spoon excavators
• hatchets
• chisels
• gingival marginal trimmer

Question 10

describe the utilization of the small/ large spoon excavator

Answer 10

• they’re the same
• used to remove soft caries
• scooping motion for decay
• more tactile sensation and more delicate than a bur

Question 11

describe the utilization of the small hatchet

Answer 11

10-7-14
- planning and smoothing enamel walls and floors during cavity prep
- scraping undermined enamel
- sharpening internal line angles

Question 12

describe the utilization of the chisel

Answer 12

15-8-8
- planning and smoothing enamel walls and floors during cavity prep
- scraping undermined enamel
- sharpening internal line angles

Question 13

what are the 5 carvers

Answer 13

1) de meo carver/ interproximal
2) hollenbeck carver
3) small discoid- cleoid
4) large discoid- cleoid
5) interproximal amalgam carver/ double ended plastic instrument

Question 14

what are the 2 burnishers

Answer 14

• beavertail & acorn burnisher
• ball burnisher

Question 15

which are the 3 composite instruments

Answer 15

1) A6 XTS plastic filling double end
2) W3 composite instrument
3) mini 1 goldstein flexi- thin composite instrument

Question 16

what are the amalgam placement instruments

Answer 16

• matrix band holder/ tofflemire
• amalgam carrier
• amalgam well

Question 17

what are the 2 packers

Answer 17

plugger
condenser

Question 18

what are the miscellaneous items

Answer 18

cement spatula/ liner applicator
cotton pliers (cotton forceps)
articulating paper forceps
scissors
hemostat
2 inch mirror

Question 19

what comes in the rubber dam cassette

Answer 19

1) clamp forceps
2) clamp punch
3) metal frame
4) clamps

Question 20

what are the two types of attachments for slow speed handpieces

Answer 20

latch type (larger hole)
friction grip (smaller hole)

Question 21

tell me about burs

Answer 21

• used for cutting and finishing tooth structure and restorative materials
• tungsten carbide vs. diamond
• cutting vs. polishing

Question 22

what are the 3 sections of the bur

Answer 22

1) head, working part
- round, pear, inverted cone, straight, tapered, football
2) neck, connecting part
3) shank, fits into handpiece
- straight, latch type, or friction

Question 23

describe the difference between carbide cutting and carbide finishing burs

Answer 23

• the more flutes the less tooth structure is removed
• cutting burs: 4-6 flutes
• finishing: 12-30

Question 24

what are some key notes about tungsten carbide

Answer 24

” “ added to steel, can dull easily, cutting and finishing, produces a smoother finish

Question 25

what are some key notes about diamond burs

Answer 25

abrade everything, grinding and finishing, more heat, rougher finish

Question 26

what are the 6 bur types and colors

Answer 26

black- super coarse green- coarse blue- medium red- fine yellow- super fine white- ultra fine

Question 27

what are the coolants

Answer 27

air, water, air & water spray

Question 28

what is the summary of correct ergonomics for magnification and lighting

Answer 28

- mirror on upper teeth & as light reflector - acquire additional light source - use best fiberoptic handpiece - use corrected 2x loupe - neck flexion < 20 degrees

Question 29

what is the summary for ergonomic chair posture

Answer 29

- patient's chair positioned for convenience, not too high - ask patient to move head -feet flat on floor - butt against back of chair - no twisting

Question 30

what are important finger rest rules

Answer 30

- always have a finger rest!!! - should be on a teeth, not lips or cheek, and avoid gums/ opposing arch - keep finger rest on same arch

Question 31

how should bur be aligned

Answer 31

parallel to long axis of the tooth

Question 32

what is the biggest reason for early retirement among dentists

Answer 32

musculoskeletal disorders (30%)

Question 33

what do workplace related risks rely on

Answer 33

intensity, frequency, and duration of exposure to conditions

Question 34

where should you be sitting when working on mandibular posterior

Answer 34

9 o clock

Question 35

where should you be sitting when working on maxillary posterior

Answer 35

11 o clock

Question 36

where should you be sitting when working on maxillary anterior

Answer 36

12

Question 37

where should you be sitting when working on maxillary anterior

Answer 37

8-9

Question 38

how should the patient's head be tilted for the mandibular arch? maxillary arch?

Answer 38

mandibular: chin-down (chin lower than nose level) maxillary: chin up (nose and chin approx. level

Question 39

what kind of lubricant is used for rubber dam placement

Answer 39

water- soluble*

Question 40

how do you place a rubber dam frame on a patient

Answer 40

open end towards nose, closed end towards chin

Question 41

where should the points/ prongs of the clamp contact

Answer 41

the line angles of the tooth

Question 42

what are the steps of the "clamp placed first" placement of a rubber dam

Answer 42

1) draw out template, punch holes for teeth 2) lubricate dam 3) select the retainer and tie floss around bow 5) use forceps to clamp holes, positions the lingual jaw first then facial 6) pull floss thru, stretch dam over bow, use instruments to stretch dam over wings 7) pass dam over anterior anchor tooth 8) floss between contacts, and use plastic instrument to invert