Operant Conditioning Flashcards
What is operant conditioning?
is a learning process where the likelihood of a behaviour occurring is determined by the consequence
Who is the scientist associated with Operant Conditioning?
BF Skinner
What kind of behaviour does this produce?
voluntary
What does the 3 phase model consist of?
Antecedent
Behaviour
Consequence
What is the antecedent?
a stimulus that occurs before the behaviour
What is the behaviour?
voluntary response by the individual that occurs due to the antecedent
What is the consequence?
consequence of the behaviour
What are the elements of operant conditioning?
Reinforcer - negative or positive
Punisher - negative or positive
What does a reinforcer do?
strengthen or increase the likelihood of a behaviour
What is a punisher?
stimulus that decreases or weakens the likelihood of a behaviour
What is a positive reinforcer?
strengthens a response by adding a pleasant consequence
What is a negative reinforcer?
strengthens a response by adding a negative consequence
What is a positive punisher?
adding an undesirable stimulus that decreases a behaviour
What is a negative punisher?
removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour
What is response cost also known as?
negative punishment
What is response cost?
involves something desirable being removed to decrease a behaviour
What are the factors of an effective punishment?
must be brief + immediate and linked to the undesired behaviour
What is stimulus generalisaton?
when the correct response occurs to a similar stimulus in a situation they would normally receive reinforcement from
What is stimulus discrimination?
when the correct response is only occurring in situations when reinforcement occurs
What is spontaneous recovery?
when a learned response occurs suddenly after not occurring for a while
What is extinction?
decrease of a response when reinforcement is no longer given
