Multi-Store Model of Memory - Atkinson and Shiffrin Flashcards

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1
Q

What is memory?

A

processing, storage and retrieval of information gathered through learning

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2
Q

What is encoding?

A

process where info in converted into a form where it can be stored in memory

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3
Q

What is storage?

A

keeping information in the brain so we can use it for later on
- retention of information over time

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4
Q

What is retrieval?

A

process of getting info back from memory so we can use it

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5
Q

What is the Atikson and Shiffrin model?

A

describes the three stores of memory

  • proposes that memory consists of 3 different stores
  • LTM, STM and Sensory memory
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6
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

is the entry point for memory where sensory info is stored for a brief period of time

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7
Q

What are the 2 elements of sensory memory?

A

Echoic and Iconic Memory

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8
Q

What is iconic memory?

A

incoming visual sensory information = 0.2 - 0.4 secs

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9
Q

What is echoic memory?

A

incoming auditory sensory information = 3-4 seconds

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10
Q

What happens when you attend to info in sensory memory? And what occurs when you ignore it?

A

attend to it = transferred over to short term memory

ignore it = lost very quickly

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11
Q

What is short term memory?

A

a part of memory when information is stored for a short period of time
- allows us to retain info for long enough to use it

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12
Q

What is the duration of short term memory?

A

12-30 seconds

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13
Q

What is the capacity of short term memory?

A

7±2

5-9 items

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14
Q

What are the two types of rehearsal and what part of memory do they belong to?

A

Maintenance rehearsal = STM

Elaborative rehearsal = LTM

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15
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

repetition of info in order to keep it in short term memory for longer

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16
Q

What is the decay of info?

A

when info is not attended to regularly and fades away over time

17
Q

What is the displacement of info?

A

when info is pushed out by new incoming info

18
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

assigning meaning to info and linking it to a past memory = transfer over to long term memory

19
Q

What is long term memory?

A

stores an unlimited amount of info for a very long time

20
Q

What are the two main types of long term memory?

A

explicit and implicit memory

21
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

memory that has to be consciously or intentionally recalled

22
Q

What is another name for explicit memory?

A

declarative memory

23
Q

What are the two subdivisions of explicit or declarative memory?

A

Episodic

Semantic

24
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

memory of personally experienced events

- episodes of your life in memories

25
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

memory about facts or knowledge about the world

26
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

memory that does not involves conscious retrieval

- can be expressed through behaviour

27
Q

What are the 2 types of implicit memory?

A

Procedural Memory

Classically conditioned memory

28
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

memory of motor skills and actions that have been learned

29
Q

What is classically conditioned memory?

A

involves conditioned responses to certain stimuli

- learned response to a conditioned stimulus that is learned through classical conditioning

30
Q

What type of memory is your first day of school?

A

episodic memory + explicit

31
Q

What type of memory is riding a bike?

A

procedural + implicit

32
Q

What type of memory is knowing the capital city of France is Paris?

A

Semantic + explicit

33
Q

What type of memory is Baby Albert’s fear of white rars?

A

Classically conditioned + implicit