open questions Flashcards
Risk factors of placenta previa (3+)
multiple gestation previous placenta previa with pregnancy use of cocaine smoking maternal age over 35 years scars on uterus from c section multiparity short intervals between pregnancy abnormalities of uterine lining -fibroids scarring of uterine linin endometrium
Indications for amniocentesis (3+)
high risk result from first trimester screening test
(positive result from antenatal prenatal screening test)
previous pregnancy with genetic condition
(chromosomal condition or neural tube defect in previous pregnancy)
family history of genetic conditions
drainage and excess fluid in polydraminios
abnormal ultrasound findings
3 stages from Virchow’s triad
Endothelial damage
stasis of blood flow
hypercoagulability
atleast 3 methods of cevical ripening for induced abortion
osmotic dilators
misoprostol
balloon catheters
mifepristone
Indications for internal podalic version
-high floating head
-delivery of second twin after vaginal delivery of first twin
persistent transverse or oblique lie
-retention of second twin in transverse lie
-placenta praevia with excessive vaginal bleeding
-fetus dead or too preturm to survive after c -section
-failure of external cephalic version
DIC(Disseminated intravascular coagulation) can be divided into 4 stages, what are they?
hypercoagulation
exhaustion of clotting factors -oversuse thrombocytes for thrombus formation
hypocoagulation
recovery/complications
Differential diagnosis of shock during pregnancy (at least 3)
eclampsia stroke electrolyte abnormalities epilepsy tumors
At least 3 contraindications for applying vacuum extraction during labour
- malpresentation - face, brow , breech
- fetal coagulation disorders
- fetal head not engaged
- preterm gestational age <34 weeks
- cephalopelvic disproportion
two main types of uterine rupture due to etiology
complete - peritoneum torn so uterine contents enter the peritoneal cavity .uterus spills into the peritoneal cavity or broad ligament
incomplete - peritoneum is intact
placenta praevia and placenta abruption bleeding …
painful= placental abruption - premature removal detachment of the placenta from the uterine lining before birth painless = placenta praevia - total or partial placenta covering the cervix
Risk factor of uterine rupture
- myomectomy
- previous uterine incision (vbac)
- grand multiparity
- excessive oxytocin stimulation
congenital toxoplasmosis
- intracranial calcification
- restriction symmetrical uterine growth
- inflammation of choroid
congenital rubella
eyes- cataracts
ears- deafness
heart abnormalities disease
CMV
most common congenital virus
causes deafness
thrombocytopenia and petechiae
congenital syphilis
thrombocytopenia hepatosplenomegaly large oedematous placenta macerated skin anemia
