Oparin and Heldane Theory

Question 1

According to this theory, Life was originated due to?

Answer 1

Life was originated due to biochemical processes in sea water. The simplest organic compounds like amino acid, nucleic acid, pentose sugar were formed first and in the presence of energy they reacted vigorously to give rise to life.

Question 2

Chemogeny (Chemical Evolution of Life) (1) :

Answer 2

1. Formation of Simple Compounds :
   - Elements like hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, etc. combined with each other under peculiar conditions to form methane, water, ammonia and cynamides.
   -The water was mostly present in vaporized form, and it condensed to from rain. The rain water again evaporated and this process continued for million of years gradually cooling down earth and water bodies like rivers lakes oceans came into existence. Rxn : Methane, Water and ammonia.

Question 3

Chemogeny (Chemical Evolution of Life) (2) :

Answer 3

Formation of Simple Hydrocarbons:
As earth cooled down to 100 degrees or even low, molecules like ammonia, water, methane and metallic carbides reacted and formed saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Reaction:
CH
CH2
CH2
CaC2 + 2H20 = C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

Question 4

Chemogeny (Chemical Evolution of Life) (3):

Answer 4

Formation of Oxy- and Hydroxy-hydrocarbons : When hydrocarbons reacted with superheated water vapor, they formed oxy and hydroxy hydrocarbons like aldehydes and ketones. Reaction :
C2H2 + H20 = CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde)

Question 5

Chemogeny (Chemical Evolution of Life) (4):

Answer 5

Due to condensation , polymerization, oxidation and reduction of hydrocarbons , biomolecules like simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids were formed.
CH2 + H2O = C6 12 O6

Question 6

Chemogeny (Chemical Evolution of Life) (5) :

Answer 6

Formation of Nitrogen bases : When hydrocarbons reacted with hot water vapor, hydrocyanic acid and ammonia, nitrogen bases like purines and pyrimidines were formed:
CH4+HCN+H20+NH3 = CnHnNnOn i.e. nitrogen bases