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Question 1

uniformitarianism

Answer 1

the theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.

Question 2

catastrophism

Answer 2

the theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events.

Question 3

paleontology

Answer 3

OUN
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.

Question 4

4. relative dating

Answer 4

Relative dating is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, in a sequence. The method of reading the order is called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata).

Question 5

5. absolute dating

Answer 5

Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology.

Question 6

superposition

Answer 6

he action of placing one thing on or above another, especially so that they coincide

Question 7

isotope

Answer 7

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

Question 8

radioactive decay

Answer 8

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation

Question 9

9. half-life

Answer 9

Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

Question 10

fossil

Answer 10

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis, lit. ‘obtained by digging’) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

Question 11

trace fossil

Answer 11

A trace fossil, also known as an ichnofossil, is a fossil record of biological activity but not the preserved remains of the plant or animal itself.

Question 12

mold

Answer 12

] Any of various fungi that often form a fuzzy growth (called a mycelium) on the surface of organic matter. Some molds cause food to spoil, but others are beneficial, such as those used to make certain cheeses and those from which antibiotics like penicillin are developed.

Question 13

cast

Answer 13

1. An abnormal moulded shape, corresponding to the inside of a kidney tubule or a small air tube in the lungs (bronchiole) formed when excreted material such as protein or mucus solidifies in situ.
2. A supportive shell of bandage-reinforced Plaster of Paris used to immobilize fractures during healing.

Question 14

unconformity

Answer 14

An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger layer,

Question 15

mass extinction

Answer 15

An extinction event is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth. Such an event is identified by a sharp change in the diversity and abundance of multicellular organisms.

Question 16

Jurassic period

Answer 16

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period 201.3 million years ago to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 145 Mya.

Question 17

Cretaceous period

Answer 17

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago. It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest.

Question 18

Devonian period

Answer 18

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, 419.2 million years ago, to the beginning of the Carboniferous, 358.9 Mya.

Question 19

Quaternary period

Answer 19

The Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

Question 20

Permian period

Answer 20

The Permian is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago,