liggma Flashcards
vertabertes
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Invertebrates don’t have a backbone.
Endotherm
an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat; a warm-blooded animal.
Ectotherm
an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat.
Lateral Line
The lateral line, also called lateral line system or lateral line organ, is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist.
jawless fish
There are two categories of jawless fish: hagfish and lampreys.
Cartilaginous fishes
Cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes) represent the oldest surviving jawed vertebrates and, as the name suggests, have a skeleton made out of cartilage. They include sharks, rays, and skates (elasmobranchii) and chimeras (holocephali).
Bony fishes
Atlantic Porkfish. Atlantic Spadefish. Balloonfish. Barracudas. Blue Tang. Bluestriped Grunt. Cichlids. Crevalle Jack.
Swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to expend energy in swimming.
Lung
One of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Tadpole
A tadpole is the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, gills, and tails.
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
Caecilians
Caecilians are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mostly distributed in the tropics of South and Central America, Africa, and southern Asia.
Salamanders
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten extant salamander families are grouped together under the order Urodela.
Frogs
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura
Toads
Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.
Amniotic egg
The amniotic egg: An air-breathing egg characterized by a shell and extraembryonic membranes. These enclosed the amniote embryo in a private pond during its development and mediated gas-exchange with the external environment.
Turtles
Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a shell developed mainly from their ribs.
Tortoises
Tortoises are reptiles of the family Testudinidae of the order Testudines. They are particularly distinguished from other turtles by being exclusively land-dwelling, while many other turtle species are at least partly aquatic. Like other turtles, tortoises have a shell to protect from predation and other threats.
Crocodiles
Crocodiles are large reptiles that belong to the order Crocodilia, which includes alligators,
Alligators
An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. The two extant species are the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains.
Snakes
snake is a reptile with a long, thin body but no legs. Some lizards are legless and look like snakes, however, most lizards have eyelids, and snakes do not. All snakes eat live prey, which is grabbed and swallowed whole without chewing it into pieces.
Lizards
Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
Tuataras
Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Although resembling most lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Their name derives from the Māori language, and means “peaks on the back”.
