ecology

Question 1

1.Biotic

Answer 1

elating to or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations.

Question 2

Abiotic

Answer 2

In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole.

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

community, also called biological community, in biology, an interacting group of various species in a common location. For example, a forest of trees and undergrowth plants, inhabited by animals and rooted in soil containing bacteria and fungi, constitutes a biological community.

Question 5

Ecosystem

Answer 5

An ecosystem is an ecological community comprised of biological, physical, and chemical components, considered as a unit. NOS scientists monitor, research, and study ecosystem science on many levels. They may monitor entire ecosystems or they may study the chemistry of a single microbe.

Question 6

Biosphere

Answer 6

The biosphere, also known as the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth. The biosphere is virtually a closed system with regard to matter, with minimal inputs and outputs.

Question 7

Herbivore

Answer 7

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding.

Question 8

Carnivore

Answer 8

carnivore, or meat-eater, is an animal whose food and energy requirements derive solely from animal tissues whether through hunting or scavenging.

Question 9

Omnivore

Answer 9

An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nutrients and energy of the sources absorbed.

Question 10

Food chain

Answer 10

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at an apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species. A food chain also shows how organisms are related to each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level.

Question 11

Food web

Answer 11

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system.

Question 12

Energy pyramid

Answer 12

An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem.

Question 13

Carrying capacity

Answer 13

Carrying capacity can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds.

Question 14

Prey

Answer 14

Prey is a term used to describe organisms that predators kill for food. Predator/prey relationships can be illustrated in a diagram called a food chain or food web . A food chain shows the linear flow of energy between organisms.

Question 15

Predator

Answer 15

An organism that preys upon other organisms. In ecology, predators are those animals that live by preying on other organisms for food. Many predators hunt and eventually kill their prey, such as lion preying upon a buffalo, mantis eating a bee, baleen whale consuming millions of microscopic planktons, etc.

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

mutualism, association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits. Mutualistic arrangements are most likely to develop between organisms with widely different living requirements.

Question 17

Commensalism

Answer 17

Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

parasitism, relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.

Question 19

Producers

Answer 19

Producers are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar. The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark. Trees, such as the mighty oak, and the grand American Beech, are examples of producers.

Question 20

Decomposers

Answer 20

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms; they carry out decomposition, a process possible by only certain kingdoms, such as fungi.

Question 21

Desert

Answer 21

Desert ecology is the study of interactions between both biotic and abiotic components of desert environments. A desert ecosystem is defined by interactions between organisms, the climate in which they live, and any other non-living influences on the habitat.

Question 22

Tundra

Answer 22

Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is scant. Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year, but summer brings bursts of wildflowers.

Question 23

Temperate deciduous forest

Answer 23

The temperate deciduous forest is a biome that is always changing. It has four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. Winters are cold and summers are warm. Temperate deciduous forests get between 30 and 60 inches of precipitation a year. Precipitation in this biome happens year-round.

Question 24

Tropical rainforest

Answer 24

Tropical rainforests are mainly located between the latitudes of 23.5°N (the Tropic of Cancer) and 23.5°S (the Tropic of Capricorn)—the tropics. Tropical rainforests are found in Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia.

Question 25

Coniferous forest

Answer 25

A temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters and vary in their kinds of plant life

Question 26

Savanna

Answer 26

In general, savannas grow in tropical regions 8° to 20° from the Equator. Conditions are warm to hot in all seasons, but significant rainfall occurs for only a few months each year—about October to March in the Southern Hemisphere and April to September in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 27

Temperate grassland

Answer 27

Temperate grasslands are areas of open grassy plains that are sparsely populated with trees. Various names of temperate grasslands include pampas, downs, and veldts. Temperate grasslands can be found in various regions north and south of the equator including Argentina, Australia, and central North America.