Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, and the male and female reproductive systems

Question 1

Gametes:

Answer 1

sex cells produced for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Question 2

Male gametes and their function:

Answer 2

sperm - highly mobile, produced in large numbers, live for approximately 48 hours

Question 3

Female gametes and their function:

Answer 3

eggs or ova - large, few in number, immobile, live for approximately 12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 4

Mature Egg structure -

Follicle cells:

Answer 4

provide nutrients to support the early development of the fertilised egg

Question 5

Mature Egg structure -

Zona Pellucida:

Answer 5

consists of glycoprotein that protects the egg and prevents entry of sperm

Question 6

Mature Egg structure -

1st Polar body:

Answer 6

not required and breaks down

Question 7

Mature Egg structure -

Nucleus:

Answer 7

Haploid (n) contains 23 chromosomes to be passed from mother to child

Question 8

Mature Egg structure -

Cytoplasm:

Answer 8

contains nutrients to support the early development of fertilised egg

Question 9

Mature Egg structure -

Cortical granules:

Answer 9

makes the zona pellucida impenetrable to sperm (after fertilisation) to prevent polyspermy

Question 10

Female Reproductive System -

Uterus:

Answer 10

provides protection, nutrients and waste removal for the developing fetus - muscular walls contract to aid birthing process

Question 11

Female Reproductive System -

Fallopian tube:

Answer 11

connects the ovary to the uterus - fertilisation of the egg occurs here

Question 12

Female Reproductive System -

Ovary:

Answer 12

eggs are stored, develop, and mature here - produced estrogen and progesterone

Question 13

Female Reproductive System -

Endometrium:

Answer 13

develops each month in readiness for the implantation of a fertilised egg - site of implantation becomes the placenta

Question 14

Female Reproductive System -

Cervix:

Answer 14

muscular opening/entrance to the uterus - closes to protect the developing fetus and opens to form the birth canal

Question 15

Female Reproductive System -

Vagina:

Answer 15

accepts the penis during sexual intercourse and sperm is received here - combined with the cervix to form the birth canal

Question 16

Mature Sperm Structure -

Aerosome:

Answer 16

contains enzymes which can digest the zona pellucida

Question 17

Mature Sperm Structure -

Nucleus:

Answer 17

contains 23 chromosomes to be passed from father to child

Question 18

Mature Sperm Structure -

Midpiece:

Answer 18

Possesses helical mitochondria which provides the ATP required for swimming and other processes

Question 19

Mature Sperm Structure -

Flagellum:

Answer 19

contains protein fibres and microtubules to strengthen the tail and allow movement

Question 20

Male Reproductive System -

Vas deferens:

Answer 20

carries sperm to the penis during ejaculation

Question 21

Male Reproductive System -

Prostate gland:

Answer 21

adds alkaline fluids that neutralise the vaginal acids

Question 22

Male Reproductive System -

Urethra:

Answer 22

delivers semen during ejaculation and urine during excretion

Question 23

Male Reproductive System -

Penis/erectile muscle:

Answer 23

muscles become erect to penetrate the vagina during sexual intercourse

Question 24

Male Reproductive System -

Seminal vesicle:

Answer 24

adds nutrients including fructose sugar for respiration along with mucus to protect sperm

Question 25

Male Reproductive System -

Epididymis:

Answer 25

sperm matures here and becomes able to move

Question 26

Male Reproductive System -

Testis (pl. testes):

Answer 26

produces testosterone along with millions of sperm daily

Question 27

Male Reproductive System -

Scrotum:

Answer 27

protects and holds the testes outside the body in order to maintain a lower optimum temperature for sperm production

Question 28

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis:

Answer 28

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