Evolution

Question 1

Evolution:

Answer 1

the theory that species were not created in their present forms but have evolved from ancestral species - heritable genetic changes occurring in a population over time

Question 2

Microevolution:

Answer 2

• small-scale variation of allele frequencies within a species of population
• descendant is of the same taxonomic group as the ancestor

Question 3

Macroevolution:

Answer 3

• variation of allele frequencies at or above the species level over geological time
• results in the divergence of taxonomic groups in which the descendant is in a different taxonomic group to the ancestor

Question 4

Evolutionary radiation:

Answer 4

an increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity

Question 5

Natural selection:

Answer 5

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype

Question 6

Disruptive selection:

Answer 6

extreme phenotypes are selected for. Average or intermediate phenotypes are selected against

Question 7

Stabilising selection:

Answer 7

extreme phenotypes are selected against. Average phenotypes are selected for

Question 8

Directional selection:

Answer 8

a single phenotype is selected for. Allele frequency shifts in one direction

Question 9

Evolutionary organisms share a common ancestor with an ancestral DNA sequence however ___

Answer 9

as organisms evolve and diverge, their DNA sequences accumulate differences known as mutations

Question 10

SNP mutation:

Answer 10

single nucleotide polymorphism - a change of one DNA base pair into another

Question 11

Indel mutation:

Answer 11

insertions or deletions - when one or more nucleotide pairs in a DNA strand is lost or gained

Question 12

Phylogenetic trees:

Answer 12

a diagram showing the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor