Mutations in Evolution, Genetic Drift, and Gene flow

Question 1

Gene Flow:

Answer 1

the addition or removal of alleles from a gene pool through immigration and emmigration

Question 2

Genetic Drift:

Answer 2

the random change in the allele frequency of a population. this often occurs through the random pattern of mating, or after a catastrophic event

Question 3

Phenotypic selection:

Answer 3

when individuals with certain characteristics produce more surviving offspring than individuals with other characteristics

Question 4

Negative selection:

Answer 4

trait not favoured by natural selection

Question 5

Positive selection:

Answer 5

trait favoured by natural selection

Question 6

Types of genetic drift include (out of 2):

Answer 6

• Founder effect

- Bottleneck effect

Question 7

Founder effect:

Answer 7

when a small population colonises a new isolated area, such as an island. the range and frequency of alleles present in this small group is unlikely to be representative of the original population the founder population came from

Question 8

Founder effect causes:

Answer 8

faster evolution compared to the original population as there is a greater change for genetic drift to occur and there to be a lower range and frequency of alleles

Question 9

Bottleneck effect:

Answer 9

when a population suddenly reduces in size

Question 10

Bottleneck effect causes:

Answer 10

a rapid decline in the population size means the range of alleles will be reduced and frequency of alleles will be changed. If population later increases again it will have reduced genetic biodiversity

Question 11

Allele frequency:

Answer 11

how common an allele is in a population

Question 12

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:

Answer 12

states that allele and genotypic frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolution influences