OnlineMedEd: Psychiatry - Sleep Disorders Flashcards
What is the pathology of obstructive sleep apnea?
Excess tissue that blocks the airway: this can be caused by a large tongue; short necks tend to be most affected
The most common complaint of those with obstructive sleep apnea is ______________.
daytime somnolence
In a sleep study, two things can be diagnostic of obstructive sleep apnea: ________________.
- Having fifteen or more apneic spells in a night
* Having five or more apneic spells in a night accompanied by snoring
Typically, _______________ can alleviate the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
weight loss
What kind of ventilation can treat OSA?
CPAP (not BiPAP)
What can cause central sleep apnea?
- Opiates
- Chronic COPD
- Idiopathic
What kind of ventilation can treat CSA?
BiPAP
Those with narcolepsy go directly into _______________.
REM sleep
They have a decreased sleep latency.
Give the timeline criteria needed to diagnose narcolepsy.
At least three episodes a week for at least three months
Those with narcolepsy will often wake _____________.
refreshed
What are the two sleep-related events that present in narcolepsy?
- Hypnagogic (GOing to sleep –i.e., before you go to sleep)
- Hypnapompic (POst-sleep –i.e., arising from sleep)
How is narcolepsy treated?
First: scheduled naps to limit sleepiness
Second (if the naps don’t work): stimulants
Give the timeline criteria needed to diagnose insomnia.
Just like narcolepsy, insomnia has to happen at least three times a week for at least three months.
If a person has “trouble sleeping” but they’re able to sleep for more than six hours – like if they’re jet-lagged or working the graveyard shift –then the best treatment is _________________.
reorientation: having them stay up until the time they are supposed to sleep
If a person has trouble getting to sleep or they are unable to sleep for at least six hours, then __________________.
you should first address their sleep hygiene (e.g., make sure their room is totally dark, that they’re not drinking caffeine after noon, that they’re not associating their sleep time with time to watch TV); if this doesn’t work, then you can use diphenhydramine, trazodone, zolpidem, quetiapine, or ramelteon
