One worders Flashcards
1
Q
Heinz Bodies
A
G6PD Deficiency
2
Q
Howell-Jolly Bodies
A
Hyposplenism
3
Q
Rouleaux Formation
A
Myeloma
4
Q
Bence-Jones Protein in urine
A
Myeloma
5
Q
Schistocytes
A
TTP
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
6
Q
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
A
Post-cricoid webs in IDA
7
Q
Pernicious Anaemia antibodies
A
Anti-intrinsic factor
Anti-Parietal cell
8
Q
Viral aplastic crisis cause
A
Parvovirus B19
9
Q
Inherited HA protein defect
A
Typically spectrin
10
Q
G6PD genetics
A
X-Linked
11
Q
Skull bossing, maxillary hypertrophy, hairs on end skull x ray
A
Beta-Thalassaemia
12
Q
Warm AIHA antibody type
A
IgG
13
Q
Cold AIHA antibody type
A
IgM
14
Q
Donath-Landsteiner antibodies
A
Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria
15
Q
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome cause
A
E.Coli
16
Q
Intrinsic Pathway
A
APTT
Heparin therapy
12
17
Q
Extrinsic Pathway
A
PT
Warfarin
7
18
Q
Common Pathway
A
TT
5
19
Q
Plasmin role
A
Degrades fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products
20
Q
Thrombin role
A
Fibrinogen to Fibrin
21
Q
Factor XIII role
A
Fibrin to Fibrin clot
22
Q
Haemophilia A
A
Factor VIII deficiency
X-linked recessive
23
Q
Abnormal Haemophilia A tests
A
Raised APTT
Low Factor VIII assay
24
Q
Haemophilia B
A
Factor IX deficiency
X-Linked Recessive
25
Factors requiring Vitamin K
2,7,9,10
26
Philadelphia Chromosome
(9;22) CML
| BCR ABL
27
Auer Rods
AML
28
Smear Cells
CLL
29
Reed-Sternberg Cell
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
30
Lymphoma Staging
Ann Arbor
31
Leukaemia Staging
Binet
32
Starry Sky appearance
Burkitt's
33
Anti-CD20 drug
Rituximab
34
HTLV-1 infection cancer
Adult T cell lymphoma/leukaemia
35
Mycosis Fungoides cancer
Cutaneous T Cell lymphoma
36
Congo Red Stain
Amyloidosis
| Apple-green birefringence
37
Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome
Pure red-cell aplasia
38
Anaphylaxis transfusion reaction
IgA Deficiency
| Minutes
39
ABO incompatibility transfusion reaction
minutes to hours
| IgM-mediated
40
Bacterial Contamination transfusion reaction
minutes to hours
| Platelet transfusions
41
Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction
Rise in temperature of less than one degree, no circulatory collapse
42
Transfusion-related circulatory overload
Pulmonary oedema/fluid overload
| JVP, PCWP
43
Transfusion related acute lung injury
Fluid overload, no heart failure
| anti-HLA antibodies
44
Delayed-haemolytic transfusion reaction
1 week
| IgG mediated extravascular haemolysis
45
Graft vs Host disease
Diarrhoea, Liver failure, skin desquamation, BM failure
46
Caseating Granulomas
TB
47
TB stain
Ziehl-neelson
| Lowenstein-jensen medium
48
TB vaccine
Bacille-calmette-guerin
49
Hanson's Disease
Leprosy
| M.leprae
50
+ve cocci
Strep pneu
| Staph aureus
51
-ve cocci
Moraxella catarrhalis
52
-ve cocco-bacilli
Haemophilus influenzae
53
-ve rod
Klebsiella pneumoniae
54
IE phenomena
```
Janeway Lesions
Splinter Haemorrhages
Roth Spots
Osler's Nodes
Haematuria
```
55
IE criteria
Duke's
56
Descending paralysis + GI
C. botulinum
57
Gas-gangrene + GI
C. perfringens
58
Pseudomembranous Colitis
C. Difficile
59
Reheated Rice GI
Bacillus cereus
60
Enteric fever, rose spots
Salmonella typhi
61
GI symptoms from poultry
Salmonella enteritides
62
Rice-water stool
Vibrio cholera
63
Undercooked poultry at bbq
| fever, headache, abdo cramps, bloody diarrhoea
Campylobacter jejuni
64
Histology = Flask-shaped ulcer
Entamoeba histolytica
65
Pear-shaped trophozoite
GI disease
MSM
Giardia lamblia
66
Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised
Cryptosporidium parvum
67
Antibiotics causing pseudomembranous colitis
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin
68
Viral encephalitis cause
HSV 1 most commonly
69
Bacterial Meningitis Abx
Ceftriaxone
70
Untreated gonorrhoea in neonate
Opthalmia neonatorum
71
Chlamydia treatment
Azithromycin or Doxycycline
72
Chocolate agar culture
| STI
Chancroid
73
Large, beefy red ulcers
| STI
Donoyanosis
| Granuloma inguinale
74
B-lactam MOA
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
75
Glycopeptide MOA
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
76
Aminoglycoside MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis
77
Tetracycline MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis
78
Macrolide MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis
79
Chloramphenicol MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis
80
Oxazolidinones MOA
Inhibit Protein Synthesis
81
Fluroquinolones MOA
Inhibit DNA Synthesis
82
Nitroimidazoles MOA
Inhibit DNA Synthesis
83
Rifamycin MOA
Inhibit RNA Synthesis
84
Polymyxin MOA
Cell Membrane Toxin
85
Cyclic Lipopeptide MOA
Cell membrane toxin
86
Sulfonamide MOA
Inhibit Folate metabolism
87
Diaminopyrimidines MOA
Inhibit folate metabolism
88
Oseltamivir
Neuraminidase Inhibitor (Tamiflu)
89
Dengue Spread
Flavivirus by Ades mosquito
90
Malaria spread
female Anopheles Mosquito
91
Negri Bodies
Rabies
92
Painless black cutaneous lesions and rim of oedema
Anthrax
| Bacillus anthracis
93
Erythema chronicum migrans
Bullseye rash in lyme disease
94
Active Vitamin D
Calcitriol
95
High amylase
Acute pancreatitis
96
High Lipase
Acute Pancreatitis
97
High Creatine Kinase
Muscle Damage
| eg. Duchenne's, MI, Rhabdomyloysis
98
Colour blindness vitamin deficiency
A - Retinol
99
Pellagra
B3 - Niacin
100
What does the guthrie spot test test for?
```
Phenylketonuria
Hypothyroidism
CF
SCD
Medium chain acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency
```
101
Indications for dialysis
```
Acidosis
Electrolyte Imbalance
Intoxication
Fluid Overload
Uraemic Encepalopathy
```
102
CD4+
Helper T
103
CD8+
Cytotoxic T Cells
104
Classical Pathway factors and activation
C1,2,4
| Antibody-antigen complexes bind C1
105
Alternative Pathway factors and activation
C3 binds to bacterial cell wall
106
Which enzyme triggers the formation of the membrane attack complex?
C3 convertase
| C5-9
107
How is the MBL pathway activated?
Mannose binding lectin binds to bacterial surface carbohydrates
108
Kostmann Syndrome immunology
AR
| severe congenital neutropenia
109
Chronic granulomatous disease pathology
No NADPH Oxidase = no superoxide and hydrogen peroxide
| Impaired killing of intracellular microorganisms
110
Chronic Granulomatous Disease investigation
Nitro-Blue tetrazolium test is negative
Doesn't turn from yellow to blue as no hydrogen peroxide
Dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry test, doesn't fluoresce
111
X-linked SCID mutation
Gamma chain of IL2 receptor
112
Ankylosing Spondylitis HLA
B27
113
Goodpasture's HLA
DR15/2
114
Graves' HLA
DR3
115
SLE HLA
DR3
116
T1DM HLA
DR3/4
117
RA HLA
DR4
118
CREST antibodies
Anti-centromere
119
Diffuse cutaneous sclerosis antibodies
Anti-topoisomerase/Scl70
120
Which antibody associated with coeliac disappears with exclusion diet?
Anti-endomysial antibody
121
Coeliac HLA
DQ2/8
122
Antiphospholipid syndrome antibodies
Anti-cardiolipin
| Anti-Beta-2 glycoprotein
123
Autoimmune hepatitis antibody
anti-smooth muscle
Anti-liver-kidney-microsomal
Anti-soluble liver antigen
124
Autoimmune heamolytic anaemia antibody
Anti-Rh Blood Group Antigen
125
Autoimmune thrombocytopaenic purpura antibody
Anti-Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa
126
Churg-Strauss antibody
p-ANCA
127
Coeliac Antibody
Anti-tissue transgluatminase antibody
| Anti-endomysial antibody
128
Congenital Heart block in infants of mothers with SLE antibody
Anti-Ro
129
Dermatitis Herpetiformis antibody
Anti-endomysial antibody
130
Dermatomyositis Antibody
Anti-Jo-1 antibody
131
Goodpasture's Antibody
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
132
Graves' Antibody
Anti-TSH r
133
Hashimoto's Thyroditis antibody
Anti-Thyroglobulin
| Anti- Thyroperoxidase
134
Microscopic Polyangiitis antibody
p-ANCA
135
Mixed connective tissue disease antibody
Anti-U1RNP antibody
136
Myasthenia Gravis antibody
Anti-Ach receptor antibody
137
Pernicious Anaemia antibody
Anti-Gastric Parietal Cells
| Anti-Intrinsic factor
138
Polymyositis Antibody
Anti-Jo-1
139
PBC antibody
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
140
RA antibodies
Anti-CCP
141
Sjogren's Antibody
Anti-Ro
| Anti-La
142
SLE antibody
Anti-double stranded DNA
143
T1DM antibody
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
| Anti-Pancreatic beta cells
144
Wegener's Granulomatosis antibody
c-ANCA
| cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
145
Steroid MOA
Anti-Phospholipase 2
146
Infliximab MOA
Anti-TNF alpha
147
HAART composition
2x NRTIs
| PI/NNRTI
148
Fontana stain
+ve for melanin
149
Congo red and apple green birefringence
+ve for amyloid
150
Rhodanine stain
Golden brown against blue counterstain = +ve for copper
151
Prussian Blue
+ve for iron
152
Perl's Stain
+ve for iron
153
Cytokeratin stain
+ve for epithelial cells (carcinoma)
154
CD45 stain
+ve for lymphoid cells
155
Ziehl-Neelson stain
+ve for acid-fast bacilli, TB
156
Auramine Stain
Bright yellow = positive for TB
157
Gomori's Methanamine silver stain
Flying saucer shaped cysts = positive for Pneumocystic jirovecii
158
Modified Kinyoung acid fast stain
+ve for Cryptosporidium parvum
159
India Ink stain
Yeast cells surrounded by halos = positive for Cryptococcus neoformans
160
Giemsa Stain
Cytoplasmic inclusions = positive for Chlamydia psittaci
161
Fite Stain
+ve for Mycobacterium leprae
