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Meded Path Lectures > Micro 2 > Flashcards

Micro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

GP Cocci

A

Staph

Strep

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2
Q

GP Rods

A 
Actinomyces
Bacillus
Clostridium
Diptheria
Listeria
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3
Q

GN Cocci

A

Neisseria

Moraxella

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4
Q

GN Rods

A

Enterobacteria

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5
Q

GN Coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus
Bordatella
Pseudomonas
Chlamydia

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6
Q

GN Spirochaetes

A

Treponema
Leptospira
Borrelia

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7
Q

Strep Subtypes

A

Beta Haemolytic, clear (Pyogenes, agalactae)
Gamma-Haemolytic
Alpha Haemolytic, green (Pneumoniae, viridans)

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8
Q

HAP

A

Staph a
Klebs
Pseudomonas
haemophilus

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9
Q

Causes of typical pneumonia

A 
Strep
Haemophilus
Moraxella
Staph a
Klebsiella
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10
Q

Strep Pneumoniae

A

Rusty coloured sputum

Lobar

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11
Q

Haemophilus pneumonia

A

smoking, copd

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12
Q

moraxella pneumonia

A

smoking

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13
Q

staph a pneumonia

A

post-influenza

Cavitation on cxr

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14
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia

A

alcoholism
haemoptysis
elderly

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15
Q

Atypical pneumonia causes

A

Legionella (Travel, air conditioning, low sodium, hepatitis)
Mycoplasma (Flu-like, schools/unis, AIHA cold agglutinins positive, erythema multiforme)
Chlamydia (birds)

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16
Q

CURB 65

A 
Confusion
Urea >7
Resp Rate >30
SBP <90
>65
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17
Q

CURB 65 0-1

A

Amox PO 5d outpatient

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18
Q

CURB 2

A

Amox + Clarithromycin

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19
Q

CURB 3-5

A

Co-amox + Clarithromycin + admit

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20
Q

Pott’s Disease

A

Spinal TB
Discitis
Back pain
Iliopsoas Abscess

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21
Q

Milliary TB

A

Disseminated Haematogenous

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22
Q

TB Investigations

A

CXR
Ziehl Neelson Stain
Lowenstein-Jensen medium cultrue
Acid-fast bacilli

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23
Q

TB Exposure investigations

A

Tuberculin skin test (mantoux/heaf) for previous exposure

IGRA (elispot) for active/latent, but not bcg vaccine

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24
Q

TB management

A 
RIPE
Rifampicin 6m
Isoniazid 6m
Pyrazinamide 2m
Ethambutol 2m
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25
Q

Non-TB mycobacterium

A

Leprosy (skin depigmentation, nodules, nerve thickening)
Marinarum (fish)
Ulcerans (Australia)
Avium (immunocompromised)

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26
Q

Syndromes of GI infections

A

Secretory Diarrhoea
Inflammatory Diarrhoea
Enteric Fever

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27
Q

Secretory Diarrhoea

A

Toxins -> Cl in lumen -> loss of water/electrolytes
No fever, watery
Cholera, ETEC, EAggEC, EPEC, EHEC

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28
Q

Inflammatory Diarrhoea

A

Inflammation and Bacteraemia
Fever, D sometimes bloody
Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, EIEC

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29
Q

Enteric Fever

A

Fever/unwell, fewer GI symptoms

Typhoid, Yersinia, Brucella

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30
Q

Bacillus Cereus

A

Vomiting after reheated Rice

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31
Q

S.Aureus GI

A

Vomiting and watery diarrhoea, spread by unwashed hands

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32
Q

Clostridium Botulinum

A

Descending Paralysis

Honey, Canned Foods

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33
Q

C. Perfringens

A

8-16h after reheated meart
Gas Gangrene
Watery Diarrhoea

34
Q

Clostridum Difficile GI

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis post Abx

Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin

35
Q

Vibrio cholera

A

Rice water stool

Shellfish

36
Q

Salmonella enteritides GI

A

Poultry and Eggs

Non-bloody diarrhoea

37
Q

Shigella GI

A

Bloody Diarrhoea

MSM

38
Q

Campylobacter GI

A

Poultry (BBQ)
Bloody, foul-smelling Diarrhoea
GBS
Reactive Arthritis

39
Q

E Coli GI

A

Toxin - ETEC (traveller’s diarrhoea), EHEC ( Bloody Diarrhoea O157, Outbreaks)
Inflammatory - EIEC, Bloody Diarrhoea

40
Q

GI Viruses

A

Secretory DV
Noro - Adult outbreaks, hospitals
Rota - Children, oral vaccine
Adeno - Infants

41
Q

Fever in the returning traveller

A

Typhoid
Dengue
Malaria

42
Q

Typhoid

A

Salmonella typhi/paratyphi
India, food/water 1-2wks ago
Constipation, Fever, headache, Rose spots on trunk, hsmegaly, bradycardia

Peyer’s Patch infection = GI Perforation

43
Q

Typhoid Management

A

IV Ceftriaxone

PO Azithromycin

44
Q

Dengue

A

Flavivirus by Ades Mosquito
SEAsia, urban, days incubation
Fever, myalgia, rash
Mild, self-limiting

45
Q

Dengue reinfection with different serotype?

A

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock

Supportive

46
Q

Malaria

A

Plasmodium spp. by F Anopheles Mosquito
Falciparum = Severe
Non-Falciparum = less severe
Africa, Asia, South America

47
Q

Malaria Presentation

A 
Tertian Fever (48h)
HSmegaly, Haemolytic Anaemia
48
Q

Malaria Investigations

A

Thick and thin blood films
Thick = malaria
Thin = species

49
Q

Malaria Management

A

Mild = Artemisin combo (riamet) = artemether + lumefantrine

Severe - IV artesunate

50
Q

Rabies

A

Rhabdovirus
Encephalitis, hypersalivation, hydrophobia
Negri Bodies
Passive vaccination post exposure

51
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Borellia burgoferi
Ixodes Tick
Flu/late neuro Sx
Erythema chronicum migrans

52
Q

Leptospirosis

A 
Dog/rat urine
Swimming
COnjunctival Hameorrhage
Jaundice
Spiking Fever
53
Q

QFever

A

Coxiella burnetii

Atypical Pneumonia, fever, dry cough, pleural effusion

54
Q

UTI Causes

A

E Coli most common
Staph. saprophyticus in young women
Abnormal Tract? Proteus, Klebsiella
Haematogenous? S.aureus

55
Q

UTI MC&S results

A

> 10^3 common organisms
10^4 others
10^7 WCC = sterile inflammation
Mixed growth = contamination

56
Q

UTI Management

A

Lower - Nitrofurantoin, trimpethroprim, cephalexin, amox
3d if uncomplicated, 7d if complicated

Upper - Admit, IV co-amox + gentamycin

57
Q

Chlamydia Subtypes

A

A-C - Trachoma
D-K - STI, Opthalmia in neonates
L1-3 - LGV

58
Q

Chlamydia Investigations

A

Swab, NAAT

59
Q

Chlamydia Management

A

Azithromycin

Doxyclycline

60
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Urethral Discharge in men
NAAT/Culture
Ceftriaxone

61
Q

Primary Syphylis

A

Painless solitary ulcer (chancre)

4-6wks

62
Q

Secondary Syphylis

A

1-6m, Fever, Lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles
Genital Warts

63
Q

Latent Syphylis

A

Asymptomatic

64
Q

Tertiary Syphylis

A

2-30y
Gummatous: Skin/Bone/Mucosal Granulomas
CV: Any CVS disease, aortic root dilatation
Neurosyphylis: Dementia, Tabes dorsalis, Argyll-robertson pupil

65
Q

Syphylis Investigations

A

Primary Lesion -> Dark Ground microscopy

Non-treponemal tests: antibodies
Common false positives

Treponemal Test

66
Q

Syphylis Treatment

A

IM Benzathine Penicillin

67
Q

Meningitis Cauases

A 
Neisseria, Strep. pneumonia
Neonates - GBS, Listeria, E Coli
Elderly - GBS, Listeria 
TB 
Enterovirus 
Cryptococcus
68
Q

Bacterial Meningitis Lumbar Pucnture

A

Turbid
Low Glucose
High polymorphic WCs

69
Q

Viral Meningitis Lumbar Puncture

A

Clear
Normal Glucose
High, mononuclear WCs

70
Q

TB Meningitis Lumbar Puncture

A

Clear/Turbid
Low Glucose
High mononuclear WCs

71
Q

Meningitis Management

A

IV Ceftriaxone + Corticosteroids
Ampicillin if Listeria Suspected
Acyclovir if altered consciousness

72
Q

Infective Endocarditis location

A

Mitral/Aortic Valves
Tricuspid in IVDU
Changing heart murmur

73
Q

Infective Endocarditis causes

A

Strep pyogenes,
Staph a (IVDU)
CoNS (prosthetic valves)
Subacute -> Staph epidermis, Strep viridans

74
Q

HACEK IE

A 
Haemophilus
Acinetobacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikinella
Kingella
75
Q

Subacute IE

A 
Janeway Lesions 
Splinter Haemorrhages
Splenomegaly 
Roth Spots
Osler's Nodes
76
Q

IE Investigations

A

3x cultures
Echo
Duke’s Criteria (2mj, 1mj 3mn, 5mn)

77
Q

Wound/Bone/Joint Infections

A

Staph. aureus

Flucloxacillin

78
Q

Hospital Acquired Infections

A

> 48h hospital admission

Pneumonia, Pseudomembranous COlitis, UTI, Bacteraemia

79
Q

Pyrexia of unknown origin

A

> 38.3
3wks
1wk Intensive INvestigations

80
Q

Pyrexia of unknown origin causes

A 
Abscesses, IE, TB, HIV seroconversion, Atypical
Malignancy
Inflammation
Drugs (transfusion, serotonergics)
Surgery

Meded Path Lectures (15 decks)

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