Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Meded Path Lectures > Micro 1 > Flashcards

Micro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of DNA viruses

A

Herpes viruses (HSV, VZV, EBV, HCMV)

Adenovirus
Pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of negative sense RNA viruses

A

Flu

Measles, Mumpes, RSV

Rabies, Ebola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of positive sense RNA viruses

A

Picornaviridae (Polio, Hep A)

Flaviridae (Hep C, Rubella, Dengue, Zika)

Coronaviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which viruses are tested for in a respiratory throat swab?

A

Influenza A/B
RSV A/B
Human Metapneumovirus
Parainfluenza Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two main antigens of flu?

A

H - Haemagglutinin

N - Neuraminidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Favipivir do?

A

Polymerase Inhibitor (in trials)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antigenic Shift vs Drift in Flu

A

Drift = Mutations incorporated by error prone RNA polymerases

Shift = Viruses A/B both infect the same cell, a mix of RNA material from different strains from each cell is packaged together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do viruses express host antigens?

A

Viral envelopes are formed from stolen cell membrane, which may include host antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oseltamavir?

A

Tamiflu
Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Blocks exits of virions from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H5N1 Mortality

A

Avian Flu

60% Mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does H5N1 have poor human-human transmission?

A

Less affinity for human 2,6 sialic acid than 2,3 in birds

RNA Polymerase is more efficient in bird cytoplasm

Resistance to host immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are Flu vaccines designed?

A

Dominant strains in previous season/Australian winter
Prediction of strains effectively
Efficacy therefore ranges from 25%-90% in practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flu vaccine contents

A

Purified NA/HA of inactivated virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of live vaccines

A

MMR
VZV
Hep A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of dead vaccines

A 
Hep A
Rabies
Hep B
Coxsackie
Influenza
HPV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bronchiolitis Epidemiology

A

2-3% of infants per season
80% RSV
90% 1-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

COVID management

A

ABx for superimposed bacterial infection
Dexamethasone
Sotrovimab -> Neutralising Synthetic Ab
Molnupiravir -> RNA polymerisation interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hep A

A

Non-enveloped positive sense RNA virus

Faeco-orally transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hep Serology - Positive IgG

A

Either immune, or chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hep Serology - IgM

A

Acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hep E

A

Non-enveloped positive sense RNA virus

Faeco-orally transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hep C

A 
Positive sense RNA
Bodily Fluids (IVDU, Blood products) 
Highly Mutable 
Infected by multiple strains over time 
Cirrhosis and HCC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hepatitis C treatment

A 
Cure exists
Protease Inhibitors
Polymerase Inhibitors
NS5A Inhibitors
Combine classes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hep B

A 
DNA + RNA
Large = can code immuno-evading molecules 
Bodily Fluid, sexual, blood
Acute/Chronic, most can clear it
>90% neonates develop chronic
Cirrhosis + HCC
25
Hep B Treatment
IFN/Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogues
26
Hep B Serology
Acute infection, HBsAg + HBeAg high Anti-HBc develops mid infection and remains high Anti-HBc develops mid infection and falls post infection Anti-HBs = cleared infection
27
Hep B Vaccine
Purified HBsAg | Vaccinated also have Anti-HBs
28
Chronic Hep B Infection serology
Positive HBsAg + IgG anti-HBc
29
Acute Hep B Infection serology
Positive HBsAg + IgM anti-HBc
30
Previous Hep B infection serology
Positive IgG anti-HBc + Anti-HBs
31
HIV structure
Enveloped positive sense RNA virus Non-segmented genome, diploid, allows for error prone transcriptase gp120-41 surface protein binds CD4 = binds T lymphocytes
32
HIV drug targets
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors Chemokine Receptor Antagonist Protease Inhibitors
33
HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors
``` Nevirapine (NNRTI) Emtricitabine (NNRTI) Zidovudine (NRTI) Tenofovir (NRTI) Alafenamide (NRTI) ```
34
HIV Integrase Inhibitors
Raltegravir | Bictegravir
35
HIV chemokine receptor antagonists
Maraviroc
36
HIV protease inhibitors
Saquinavir
37
HIV treatment regime
3 antiretrovirals from two or more classes | ie. Bictegravir, Tenofovir, Alafenamide + Emtricitabine
38
What causes Kaposi Sarcoma
HHV 8 | Only susceptible in severe immunodeficiency
39
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Yeast, obligate parasite of humans Aerosol Abs by 3 Reacquired in immunodeficiency -> pneumonia
40
Pneumocystis treatment
High dose co-trimoxazole + prednisolone
41
Clinically important fungi in AIDS
Candida albicans -> oral, vaginal, oesophagitis | Cryptococcus neoformans -> meningo-encephalitis
42
Clinically important fungi non-HIV
Aspergillus fumigatus | Mucor -> fungal necrotising fasciitis
43
Anti-fungal types
Target Membranes -> Polyenes, Azoles Microtubules Cell Wall
44
Polyenes
IV Amphotericin for severe infection | Oral Nystatin
45
Azoles
Fluconazole | Clotrimazole
46
Pathognomonic fungal diseases for AIDS
``` Pneumocystis jirovecii Kaposi Sarcoma Candida Cryptococcus Histoplasma ```
47
Pathognomonic viral diseases for AIDS
CMV HSV EBV JCV
48
Pathognomonic bacterial diseases for AIDS
TB | Salmonella Septicaemia
49
Pathognomonic parasitic diseases for AIDS
Cryptosporidium | Toxoplasma - cats
50
Neurological complications of HIV
CNS Lymphoma Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Neurocysticercosis Cryptococcus Meningoencephalitis Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - JC virus HCMV
51
Parasite subtypes
Protozoa Helminths
52
Protozoa
Apicomplexa: Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodia spp. (malaria) Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma Leishmania
53
Helminths
Nematodes: Roundworms, intestines Ascaris lumbricoides Necator americanus Trematoda - flukes Schistosoma Cestoda - Tapeworms - intestines Taenia
54
Malaria Schizont
Human cell with vacuole filled with plasmodium sporozoites
55
Taenia Solium
Tapeworm Pork eggs can spread around body (blindness, brain etc)
56
Anaemia in developing world?
Hookworm - necator/ancylostoma
57
Fresh water snail parasite
Schistosoma spp.
58
Schistosomiasis pathologhy
Claypipe-stem fibrosis Portal Hypertension Steroids, Praziquantel

Meded Path Lectures (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions