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Toxic > One pill can kill > Flashcards

One pill can kill Flashcards

1
Q

What drug commonly used in the treatment of RA can kill a small child with a single dose?

A

Choloroquine

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2
Q

Which is more toxic: chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine

A

Chloroquine

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3
Q

How does chloroquine toxicity present?

A

Sudden deterioration

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4
Q

What is the role of activated charcoal in the treatment of chloroquine toxicity?

A

If early, then consider. If late then too much increased risk of aspiration

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5
Q

What is the treatment for chloroquine overdose?

A

Benzos

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6
Q

What are the three major sulfonylureas?

A

Glipizide
Glimepirde
Glyburide

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7
Q

What may occur with administration of dextrose in cases of sulfonylurea overdose?

A

May cause insulin to spike, precipitating hypoglycemia and the need for more. Endless cycle

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8
Q

What, besides glucose replacement, can be used to treat sulfonylurea OD?

A

Octreotide

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9
Q

What hematologic side effect is classically associated with benzocaine use?

A

Methemoglobinemia

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10
Q

What is methemoglobinemia?

A

When Fe2+ goes to Fe3+ state in hb

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11
Q

What intoxication causes the appearance of chocolate colored blood?

A

Methemoglobinemia

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12
Q

What are the classic drugs that cause methemoglobinemia? (4)

A

Dapsone
Nitroprusside
-caines
Pyridium

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13
Q

If the pulse ox read a constant 85% in the case of a known intoxication, what disorder should be suspected?

A

Methemoglobinemia

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14
Q

What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia, and how does it work?

A

methylene blue

Strong oxidizer

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15
Q

Which two antimitotics can kill with low doses?

A

Colchicine

Podophyllotoxin

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16
Q

What is the lowest fatal dose of colchicine?

A

7 mg

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17
Q

What are the s/sx of phase 1 of colchicine overdose?

A

Severe GI symptoms, followed by hemodynamic changes

18
Q

What are the s/sx of phase 2 of colchicine overdose?

A

Confusion/coma
ascending peripheral neuropathy
MSOF

19
Q

What are the s/sx of phase 3 of colchicine overdose?

A

Rebound leukocytosis

CV collapse

20
Q

What are the s/sx of podophyllotoxin ingestion?

A

Same as colchicine, but no alopecia

21
Q

What causes the immediate and delayed pain sensation with HF exposure?

A

H+ will cause immediate (iff high potentcy HF)

F- causes delayed symptoms

22
Q

What is the treatment for HF burns? MOA?

A

Calcium gluconate (topically or injected). Ca binds F.

23
Q

What is a major complication associated with H2O2 ingestion?

A

Air embolus

24
Q

What are the s/sx of h2o2 ingestion?

A

nonspecific s/sx, air embolus

25
Q

What are the s/sx of camphor oil ingestion?

A

Seizures
respiratory failure
HA, dizziness

26
Q

What is the treatment for camphor oil ingestion?

A

benzos, good supportive care

27
Q

What is the MOA of CN poisoning?

A

binds to cytochrome aa3, restricting the use of ATP

28
Q

Why is venous blood bright red with CN poisoning?

A

No oxygen usage since the ETC is inhibited

29
Q

What are the general lab findings with CN poisoning?

A

Anion gap acidosis

lacticacidosis

30
Q

What is the classic treatment for CN poisoning, and how does this work?

A

Sodium nitrite will generate Fe3+, to take CN off of the cytochrome aa3.

31
Q

What is the newer treatment for CN poisoning?

A

Cyanokit: contained hydroxocobalamin, which will bind CN to create cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)

32
Q

What is the toxic metabolite of methanol, and what organ in body does this have a predisposition for?

A 
Formic acid
Optic nerve (leads to blindness)
33
Q

What is the toxic metabolite of ethylene glycol, and what classic complication does this cause?

A

Oxalic acid

Oxalic acid renal stones, leading to renal failure

34
Q

Envelope-like renal stones = which intoxication?

A

Ethylene glycol

35
Q

What is the metabolite of isopropanol? S/sx?

A

Acetone
AMS, cerebral edema
Decreased cardiac contractility

36
Q

Which alcohol can classically cause putaminal hemorrhage?

A

Ethylene glycol

37
Q

What intoxications are ethanol and/or fomepizole used for?

A

Methanol
Ethylene glycol
(not propanol)

38
Q

What are the three phases of diethylene glycol intoxication?

A

I: n/v
II: renal failure
III: lethargy/coma

39
Q

What is propylene glycol metabolized to?

A

Lactate

40
Q

What is the treatment for propylene glycol intoxication?

A

benzos
ADH inhibitor
Dialysis

Toxic (12 decks)

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