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Toxic > Antidotes > Flashcards

Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

What adverse effect may come of giving naloxone to a pregnant patient?

A

Stimulates uterine contractions

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2
Q

IV NAC causes what hematologic disturbance?

A

Increases INR

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3
Q

Why is serum alkalinization desired with ASA intoxication?

A

Keeps ASA in the serum instead of in the brain.

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4
Q

What is phytonadione? And what is needed for it to work?

A

Vitamin K

Bile

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5
Q

What is the MOA and use of idarucizumab?

A

reverses direct thrombin inhibitors.

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6
Q

What happens to dig levels when using digifab?

A

Increases (since more bound), but this is inactive so don’t freak out

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7
Q

Why is atropine partially effective at treating digoxin OD?

A

Part of Digoxin’s effects are mediated through increased vagal activity, which atropine can reverse.

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8
Q

What is the treatment for HF burns?

A

Calcium gluconate

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9
Q

What is the route of administration of CaCl?

A

Central line only

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10
Q

What is the treatment for CCB OD?

A

Insulin and glucose

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11
Q

Are insulin resistant diabetics also resistant to the intracellular shift of K with insulin administration?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the antiarrhythmic of choice for intoxications?

A

Lidocaine

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13
Q

name all of the class I antiarrhythmics (double quarter pounder, lettuce pickles mayo, More fries please)

A 
Disopyramide
Quinidine
Procainamide
Lidocaine
Tocainide
Mexiletine
Moricizine
Flecainide
Propafenone
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14
Q

What is the drug used to treat hyperprolactinemia? MOA?

A

Bromocriptine

Dopamine agonist

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15
Q

How must dantrolene be administered? Why?

A

Through a large vein since it is an irritant

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16
Q

True or false: a cholinergic is the antidote for the anticholinergic effects of TCAs

A

False–this will worsen cardiac conduction problems

17
Q

What is the toxicity seen with valproic acid overdose? Treatment?

A

causes hyperammonemia due to inhibition of carnitine synthesis

18
Q

What is the MOA by which isoniazid causes seizures?

A

Inhibits vit B6 production, which is needed to turn glutamate (excitatory) into GABA (inhibitory)

19
Q

What is the classic side effect of deferoxamine administration?

A

Urine discoloration

20
Q

what are the available treatment options for cyanide intoxication?

A

Hydroxycobalamin
Sodium nitrate
Sodium thiosulfate

21
Q

What is the MOA through which Hydroxocobalamin treats cyanide toxicity?

A

Exchanges hydroxyl group with free cyanide to produce cyanocobalamin

22
Q

What is the MOA through which sodium nitrite treats cyanide toxicity?

A

Oxidizes Hb to metHb, which binds CN

23
Q

What is the MOA through which sodium thiosulfate treats cyanide toxicity?

A

sulfur transfer enzyme converts cyanide to less toxic thiocyanate

24
Q

Is fomepizole dialyzable?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia? MOA?

A

Methylene blue

increases conversion of metHb to Hb

26
Q

What is propanol metabolized into? Ethylene glycol? methanol?

A

Propanol = acetone
Ethylene glycol = oxalate
Methanol = formic acid

27
Q

What are the color changes associated with methemoglobinemia?

A

Brown blood
Skin gray
Methylene blue
Urine orange

28
Q

What are the two major contraindications to methylene blue administration?

A

G6PD deficiency

Renal failure

29
Q

What is the MOA of antivenoms?

A

fab fragments that bind

Toxic (12 decks)

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