Antidotes Flashcards
What adverse effect may come of giving naloxone to a pregnant patient?
Stimulates uterine contractions
IV NAC causes what hematologic disturbance?
Increases INR
Why is serum alkalinization desired with ASA intoxication?
Keeps ASA in the serum instead of in the brain.
What is phytonadione? And what is needed for it to work?
Vitamin K
Bile
What is the MOA and use of idarucizumab?
reverses direct thrombin inhibitors.
What happens to dig levels when using digifab?
Increases (since more bound), but this is inactive so don’t freak out
Why is atropine partially effective at treating digoxin OD?
Part of Digoxin’s effects are mediated through increased vagal activity, which atropine can reverse.
What is the treatment for HF burns?
Calcium gluconate
What is the route of administration of CaCl?
Central line only
What is the treatment for CCB OD?
Insulin and glucose
Are insulin resistant diabetics also resistant to the intracellular shift of K with insulin administration?
No
What is the antiarrhythmic of choice for intoxications?
Lidocaine
name all of the class I antiarrhythmics (double quarter pounder, lettuce pickles mayo, More fries please)
Disopyramide Quinidine Procainamide Lidocaine Tocainide Mexiletine Moricizine Flecainide Propafenone
What is the drug used to treat hyperprolactinemia? MOA?
Bromocriptine
Dopamine agonist
How must dantrolene be administered? Why?
Through a large vein since it is an irritant
True or false: a cholinergic is the antidote for the anticholinergic effects of TCAs
False–this will worsen cardiac conduction problems
What is the toxicity seen with valproic acid overdose? Treatment?
causes hyperammonemia due to inhibition of carnitine synthesis
What is the MOA by which isoniazid causes seizures?
Inhibits vit B6 production, which is needed to turn glutamate (excitatory) into GABA (inhibitory)
What is the classic side effect of deferoxamine administration?
Urine discoloration
what are the available treatment options for cyanide intoxication?
Hydroxycobalamin
Sodium nitrate
Sodium thiosulfate
What is the MOA through which Hydroxocobalamin treats cyanide toxicity?
Exchanges hydroxyl group with free cyanide to produce cyanocobalamin
What is the MOA through which sodium nitrite treats cyanide toxicity?
Oxidizes Hb to metHb, which binds CN
What is the MOA through which sodium thiosulfate treats cyanide toxicity?
sulfur transfer enzyme converts cyanide to less toxic thiocyanate
Is fomepizole dialyzable?
Yes
What is the treatment for methemoglobinemia? MOA?
Methylene blue
increases conversion of metHb to Hb
What is propanol metabolized into? Ethylene glycol? methanol?
Propanol = acetone
Ethylene glycol = oxalate
Methanol = formic acid
What are the color changes associated with methemoglobinemia?
Brown blood
Skin gray
Methylene blue
Urine orange
What are the two major contraindications to methylene blue administration?
G6PD deficiency
Renal failure
What is the MOA of antivenoms?
fab fragments that bind
