One Health - Systems and Stakeholders Flashcards
Define a System ?
“A system is an interconnected set of elements that is
coherently organized in a way that achieves
something (function or purpose)”
What are the Three types of systems?
- Simple systems : stable/deterministic
relationships among few elements - Complicated systems : interconnected,
causal/ predictable relationships among
many elements - Complex systems : highly
interconnected, unpredictable/changing
relationships among many elements
which are also changing
What are some features of complex adaptive systems?
- Non linearity
- Adaptation
- Self-organisation
- Feedback loops
- Emergence
- Tipping points
Non linearity - define?
the interactions of the system’s elements and
connections leads to unpredictable outcomes
Adaptation?
Capacity of system to hange in face of external changes
Self organisation?
changes (including
increased complexity) occur without any
supervisory influences
Feedback loops?
A change in an elemnt cyclically impacts further outcomes
Emergence?
New/unexpected outcomes arise due to interactions among system elements
Tipping points ?
= apparent stability of system interactions in the face of shocks until some threshold is reached and a sudden (often dramatic) change occurs
What does system thinking approach involve?
Theories, methods, rools from diverse disciplines
What are some impacts of system complexity in vetmed?
- Unintended consequences of medical treatments
- Limited control of variables/elements
- Changes over time
What can systems thinking help us to Identify/understand?
- Dynamics fo dx transmission
- Cultural & social elements underlying diversity of bhvrs and beleifs
- Intended and unintended consequences of an action or intervention
- Tools and approaches to understand and facilitate decision making
In a nutshell One Health is ….
- collaboration , comunications, & coordination
-> all relevant stakeholders are included
Define Stakeholder
: any individual or group that is or should be
involved in preventing or managing a health threat, or
impacts, is impacted by, or perceives themselves to
be affected by a such a health threat, including those
that may be impacted by any associated risk
management measures.
Why is equitable inclusion of all stakeholders important?
- Complex systems can’t be addressed / understood and managed by any one person/institution /sector
- Alignement of response interventions and messages
- Interventions may/will have unintended impacts on other sectors
How to decide who are the relevant stakeholders and how to engage with them?
Stakeholder analysis / MAPPING
* What skills, competencies, perceptions,
access, information, etc. do we need for
this specific problem/system?
* Who has it?
Define stakeholder analysis?
a consultative
process whereby all relevant stakeholders are
identified and the relationships and networks
among them mapped
Describe the steps to Stakeholder Mapping?
- Define and agree on the objective of the activity
- Identify the data/information, expertise, understanding, perspectives, and
experience needed - Identify what individual or agency has each of these things (= the stakeholders)
- Characterize/categorize the Stakeholders (e.g. Mendelow’s matrix)
- Engage the identified Stakeholders
- Agree roles and responsibilities (RACI)
Step 1? Objective?
- Includes timeframe, scope, and desired outcome / impact of the activity the stakeholders will
engage in - Is co-created and agreed by the group conducting the Stakeholder Mapping
In step 3 what do we aim to do as close to the local level as possible?
*Identify stakeholders (agencies or individuals) with the listed
expertise and information
*Share the objectives, the needs list, and the initial stakeholders list
to everyone on the initial stakeholders list to get feedback on gaps
and appropriateness of the list, and new ideas
*Update the needs list and the stakeholders list iteratively
Who might be Stakeholders?
- Public sector/gov
- Academia
- Research
- Private sector
- ‘non health’ sectors and diciplines (social & bhvr sciences, finance)
- Communications expert, media
- Communities
Stakeholder analysis tips?
