Day One Zoonoses Flashcards
What are the three key areas of One health regarding CAs
The human-companion animal bond
Comparative and translational medicine
Zoonotic infectious dx
What positives of Huma-animal bond
- For the animals: five freedoms, welfare
- For the humans: companionship, socialization, stress reduction, inc physical activity, improved mental and physiological health, child mental health and loneliness
What negatives of the human-animal bond?
- For the animal: feeding practices, bhvr, breeding and welfare problems (brachy), anthropomorphism, zooanthroponoses
- For the humans: bites, scratches, zoonoses, falls, allergic reactions, exotic pets,, travel with dogs
T/F 90% of new or emerging diseases around the world are zoonotic ?
FALSE -> 75%
Describe E.Coli zoonoses
- E Coli 0157 produces shiva toxin
- Watery or bloody diarrhea
- Mild or severe
- Younger children may have more severe dx with renal failure
- Spread from cows, goats & sheep petting zoos
- Or undercooked ground beef or raw milk
Describe Cat Scratch Disease
- Infected cat bores, scratches or lick open wounds
- 3-14 days after broken skin or mild infection at site of scratch
- Red lesions with pus
- Fever and non-specific symptoms
- Later the LN near scratch become swollen or painful
- Caused by BARTONELLA HENSELAE
Describe Cutaenous LArva Migrans
Travelers returning from beaches in Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil, SE Asia
- Itchy raised tracks
- Animal hookworm larvae failed to penetrate dermis and wander in epidermis
- Ancylostoma caninum (dog)
- Ancylostoma braziliense (cat)
Describe Bacillary Angiomatosis
Disseminated form in immunocompromised patients eg HIV 1 or organ transplants
- Papuans and nodules, lots of purple-ish lesions
- Difficulty diagnosing as serology not reliable
- History - Warthrin Starry silver strain positive
Reservoir cats (/flea bites)
Describe Fish Tank granuloma
- Weeks to months to develop
- Slowly developing cutaneous granule as in humans
- Caused by mycobacterium Marinum
- Hands and fingers of aquarium owners
- Diagnosis - history and PCR
- Tx: ABs and surgery if tendon/ joints affected
Describe Erysipeloid
- Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae bacterial found in fish, mammals and shellfish
- tuners through breaks in skin
- 2-7 days red infected skin, blisters and swollen LN
- Can cause endocarditis
TX: penicillin
Erythema migrants ?
SIGN (target/ bullet sign) of Lyme disease (but only 70% of people will get this! 30% get no rash only flu-like symptoms
Lyme disease?
- Caused by Borriela burgdorferi
- Transmitted to humans by the bite of ticks
- Symptoms include fever, headache, typical rash
- If untreated can spread to joints, heart and nervous system
- Diagnosed base don rash and exposure
Describe ORF (Pox virus)
- ORF virus can infect top layers of skin
- 1 to a few lesions on the fingers, hands or forearms
- Size 2-3 cm
- Start as applies and progress to be ulcers
- Can have mild fever
Transmission of Pox virus?
- Occurs when broken skin in contact with infected animals or contaminated equipment
- Not transmitted between people
- Not tx available
Describe Salmonella
- D+ and abdo cramps
- The young and old may be more severely affected
- Reptiles and amphibians contaminate the water
Describe Giardia
- PArasite causing D+
- Found in soil, food or water that has been contaminated with farces from infected people or animals
- Dog and cat stool can contain giardia
- symptoms - D+ gas, bloating, N and V
- Giardia can survive for months in cold water and soil
Describe Brucella
- Infected eating or drinking unpasteurized/ raw dairy products
- Can also be inhaled or enters wounds in skin and MMs
- Lab workers, slaughterhouse, meat packin, vets
- Hunters
Is person to person spread common in brucella?
No
Symptoms of Brucella?
5 days to 5 months after exposure
- Fever, malaise, headaches, myalgia, fatigue
- Recurrent fever, arthritis
- Endocarditis
- Neurological symptoms
- Hepatitis
Dx & Tx of brucellosis ?
Dx: blood cultures and serology
X: doxycycline and Rifampcin 6-8 weeks
Risk factors for Brucella?
Status of Brucella can is in UK?
- Not endemic in UK
- Inc in numbers tho with import of dogs from Eastern Europe
- Human cases rare
Describe Seoul virus?
- Hantavirus carried by Norway rats
- Exposure to urine , droppings, saliva, bites, aerosol
- Virus established in wild rodents
What signs & dx with Seoul virus?
- Present with fever, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia and hepatitis (similar to lepto)
- Diagnosis - serology and PCR
Describe Psittacosis
- Chlamydia psittacosaurus - bacteria that often infects birds
- Can cause mild illness or pneumonia in humans
- Inhaled from dust containing dried droppings or rest secretiosn from birds
- Less commonly birds infect through bits and beak to mouth contact
Dx & Tx of Psittacosis?
Dx: serology, culture, PCR
To: Macrolides
Describe Anthrax
- rare but serious dx
- Caused by bacillus anthracis
- Occurs naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world
Risk factors to anthrax?
Contact with infected animals or contaminating animal products, anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals
What diff types of Anthrax?
-> Cutaenous
- most common and least severe
- handling hides
-> Inhalation
- Most severe and fatal without treatment
- > GI - eating raw or undercooked meat from an animal infected with anthrax
Describe Bat-Borne viruses and spillover
- Natural reservoir for emerging viruses
- Ebola virus, SARS Cov and MERS Cov
- Rabies virus infects CNS and is universally fatal
- Only found in Daubenton’s batpopulation in the UK
- Bats worldwide Barbour a larger n° of viruses than other species
- ‘Spillovers’ from asymptomatic bats to people
