oncology part 1

Question 1

the cell cycle

Answer 1

a sequence of growth stages that a cell moves through for mitosis and regeneration

Question 2

in order for the cell to undergo mitosis it must go through what stages?

Answer 2

G0
G1
S
G2
M

Question 3

G0

Answer 3

cell at rest

not engaged in cycle

Question 4

G1

Answer 4

cells enter cell cycle

Question 5

S

Answer 5

synthesis of structures

Question 6

G2

Answer 6

cells prepare to divide

Question 7

M

Answer 7

mitosis is complete

Question 8

cancer cells disregard what?

Answer 8

the NORMAL cell cycle
they are constantly moving through cell cycle
cells proliferate and accumulate all over each other, may eventually break free to distant body sites

Question 9

Differentiation

Answer 9

the extent that neoplastic cells resemble normal cells both structurally and functionally

Question 10

anaplasia

Answer 10

lack of differentiation, indicates total cellular disorganization, abnormal cell appearance, and cell dysfunction

Question 11

Grade 1

Answer 11

cells are well differentiated

Question 12

Grade 2

Answer 12

cells are moderately differentiated

Question 13

Grade 3

Answer 13

poorly differentiated or anaplastic cells

Question 14

malignant tumors are graded through

Answer 14

I to III

Question 15

staging classifies the tumors by

Answer 15

size, invasiveness, and spread

TNM system

Question 16

What does TNM stand for?

Answer 16

Tumor size, location, involvement
N- lymph node involvement
M- metastasis to distant organs

Question 17

T0

Answer 17

no evidence of primary tumor

Question 18

TIS

Answer 18

tumor in situ

Question 19

T1-4

Answer 19

progressive increase in tumor size or involvement

Question 20

N0

Answer 20

no spread to regional lymph nodes

Question 21

N1

Answer 21

spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes

Question 22

N2

Answer 22

spread to most distant or numerous reginal lymph nodes

Question 23

M0

Answer 23

no metastisis

Question 24

M1

Answer 24

Metastisis

Question 25

Stage 1

Answer 25

confined to organ or origin

Question 26

Stage 2

Answer 26

locally invasive

Question 27

Stage 3

Answer 27

Regional Spread

Question 28

Stage 4

Answer 28

spread to distant sites