Oncology Flashcards
characteristic of a cycstim lump?
well defined
if a lump is bruit what does this mean?
pulsatile
if a lump is warm what does this indicate?
inflammation
if a lump is tranilluminability what does this indicate?
full of cystic fluid
define Ludwig’s angina
bilateral swelling of submandibular + sublingual areas
2 anatomical group of cervical lymph nodes
circular - submental, submandibular, pre+post auricular, parotid, retro-pharyngeal + occipital
vertical chain - anterior + posterior
6 classification of cervical lymph nodes
- submandibular + submental
- upper deep cervical
- mid cervical
- lower deep cervical
- posterior triangle
- anterior compartment
what 2 conditions my acute lymphadenitis be secondary to?
sore throat + periocoronitis
what is sarcoidosis?
lump caused by abnormal amount of inflammatory cells causing granulomatous
what is lymphadenopathy?
inflammation of lymph nodes
what type of bacteria causes TB
TB bacilli entering lymphatics causing lymphadenopathy
is a TB abscess cold or hot and why?
cold - chronic abscess formed by necrosis + not pus
what is collar stud abscess a symptom of?
TB
what is a thyroglossal cyst?
any cyst along tract of where thyroid gland starts embryologically - will move
what are dermoid cysts?
cysts that occur at points of fusions of epithelium - likely in midline
what is a rannula?
mucous extravagation cyst
what is a branchial cyst?
cyst in neck present from birth
what could a lump in neck be?
- thyroid problem
- lymph node enlargement
- congenital cyst
- salivary gland disorder
- lumps in skin
- tumours
- actinomycosis
what is senescence?
state between apoptosis + differentiaiton
4 types of cell growth and what they mean?
- multiplicative - increase in no
- autexic - increase in size
- accretionary - increase in ECM
- combined - all of above
what are labile, stable + permanent cells
labile = continuously dividing e.g. haematopeoic + ep stable = Go reversible phase e.g. hepatocytes + renal permanent = Go irreversible phase e.g. cardiocytes + neurones
which type of cells are most susceptible to cancer and why?
labile cells - constantly dividing, can undergo hyperplasia
e.g lung, prostate, breast
difference between hyperplasia + hypotrophy?
hyperplasia = increase in cell numbers and/or decrease in apoptosis hypertrophy = increase in cell size
what is tuner tooth?
trauma occurs to primary tooth resulting in permanent tooth being traumatised = hypoplasia
difference between hypotrophy + atrophy?
hypotrophy = development failure atrophy = with age
what is metaplasia?
reversible transformation of one mature differential cell type into another - adaptive response to environment stimuli
what is the condition called where there is glandular metaplasia at gastro-oesophageal junction due to acid reflux?
barretts oesophagus
what is dysplasia?
uncontrolled division of cells - increased cell growth, altered differentiation, change in architecture of tissue
where is masticatory mucosa found?
gingiva + hard palate
3 basic layers of oral mucosa?
epitherlium
lamina propria
submucosa
4 layers of oral masticatory epithelium
keratin layer
granular cell layer
prickle layer (stratum spinosum)
basal layer
what lies between epithelium + lamina propria?
basement membrane
where is lining mucosa (non-keratinised) found in mouth?
labial mucosa buccal mucosa venture of tongue FOM soft palate
where is specialised keratinised mucosa found?
dorsum of tongue - has papillae