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HD 4 - dental relevance > misc > Flashcards

misc Flashcards

1
Q

which artery would cause an extradural haematoma/haemorrhage?

A

MMA

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2
Q

what is horners syndrome?

A

damage to sympathetic nerves of face by neck lesions

miosis, ptosis, less sweating on side effected

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3
Q

what is impetigo?

A

staphylococcal skin infection - highly contagious

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4
Q

sign of obstructive jaundice?

A

pale stool, dark urine

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5
Q

what virus is kaposi’s sarcoma associated with?

A

HHV8

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6
Q

what should you do as a dentist if your patient has yellow sputum?

A

sign of URTI - defer treatment

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7
Q

sign of thyroglossal cyst?

A

moves upwards when tongue sticks out

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8
Q

acromegaly is ex GH - where is GH produced?

A

pituitary gland

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9
Q

oral characteristic of Addisons disease?

A

pigmentation in buccal mucosa/FOM

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10
Q

what is Addisons disease?

A

autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex - hypoadrenalism + low cortisol

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11
Q

MOA of oral pigmentation associated with Addisons?

A

less cortisol –> more ACTH –> stimulated melanocytes

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12
Q

what is cushings syndrome?

A

hypercortisolism

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13
Q

why must you never take NSAIDs and steroid together?

A

gastric ulceration

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14
Q

what causes ITP?

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

low platelet count

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15
Q

what virus causes herpetic whitlow?

A

herpes simplex virus

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16
Q

what is contusion?

A

bruised brain - brain hits off skull

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17
Q

what is diffuse axonal injury?

A

rotation of brain causing stretching + snapping of axons

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18
Q

what does ACVPU stand for?

A 
a = alert
c = new onset confusion
v = respond to voice
p = respond to pain
u = unresponsive
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19
Q

what is the scale of GCS?

A

3-15

3 = totally comatose

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20
Q

what is anaerobic threshold?

A

point at which co2 production excessed o2 consumption

painful to exercise

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21
Q

how to measure functional capacity?

A

MET - metabolic equivalent test

> 4 good for surgery

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22
Q

what is used to measure risk of GA?

A

ASA grading

3-5 very worrying

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23
Q

what is U&E used to test?

A

renal function

24
Q

what must you never take with miconazole?

A

nystatin

25
Q

what is LA without adrenaline called?

A

mepivacaine

26
Q

what is a pharmaceutical drug interaction?

A

incompatibility of mixing 2 chemically incompatible substances together

27
Q

what is a pharmokinetic drug integration?

A

x alters y by altering conc

28
Q

what is a phrarmodynamic drug interaction?

A

x alter y without altering concs

29
Q

4 ways pathways pharmokinetic interactions alter

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

30
Q

why must you take tetracycline on an empty stomach?

A

milk/antacids stop it from being absorbed

31
Q

what sort of drugs are most likely to get an interaction affecting distribution?

an example

A

highly plasma protein bound >90%

aspirin + warfarin - affect of warfarin increased

32
Q

what is an example of a drug metabolising enzyme (isosomes) in liver?

A

cytochrome p450 family

33
Q

how does metabolism effect drug action?

A

faster metabolism = less effect

34
Q

how do azoles effect warfarin?

A

compete for cytochrome metabolism
decreased clearance of warfarin
prolonged warfarin effects

35
Q

where does metabolism normally happen?

A

liver or kidneys

36
Q

where does excretion of drugs happen?

A

kidneys

37
Q

how do NSAIDs effect methotrexate?

A

decreased (tubular) secretion

38
Q

2 types of pharmacodynamic interactions?

A

antagonism + synergism

39
Q

risk of taking NSAIDs + corticosteroids together?

A

risk of peptic ulceration

prescribe with PPI

40
Q

what I shock?

A

life threatening failure of adequate o2 to tissues

  • perfusion
  • inadequate o2
  • increased o2 demand
41
Q

4 types of shock?

A
  1. hypovolaemic
  2. obstructive
  3. distributive
  4. cardiogenic
42
Q

how to assess burn?

A

percentage of body covered + depth

43
Q

what is colicky pain?

A

abdomen pain caused by obstruction of hollow viscus

44
Q

anatomical shape of thyroid?

A

bow like - 2 lateral lobes joined at isthmus

45
Q

which tracheal rings is the thyroid attached to?

A

2nd, 3rd, 4th

46
Q

arterial supply of thyroid?

A

superior thyroid - branch of external carotid

inferior thyroid - thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

47
Q

venous drainage of thyroid?

A

superior + middle - drain to inf vena cava

inferior thyroid vein - drain to brachiocephalic veins

48
Q

basic job of thyroid?

A

control metabolism

49
Q

which is most potent, T3 or T4?

A

T3

50
Q

3 hormones secreted by thyroid gland?

A

T3 = tri-iodothyronine
T4 = thyroxine
calcitonin

51
Q

job of calcitonin?

A

lowers serum ca:
decrease Ca absorption from intestine
decrease osteoclastic activity
decrease reabsorption of Ca by kidney

52
Q

define hypothyroidism

A

decreased T3 + T4, increased TSH

decreased metabolism

53
Q

treatment of hypothyroidism?

A

thyroxine

54
Q

define hyperthyroidism

A

increased T3 + T4, decreased TSH

increased metabolism

55
Q

would a thyroid tumour cause hypo or hyper thyroids?

A

hyper

56
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A

antithyroid drug = carbimazole
radioiodine 131
surgery

57
Q

what is a toxic goitre?

A

goitre that changes thyroid function

HD 4 - dental relevance (12 decks)

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