Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinogen that causes hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Aflatoxin

AFLatoxin gives you A F*cked Liver (HCC)’

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2
Q

Carcinogen that causes gastric and oesophageal cancer

A

Nitrosamine

  • ‘Nitrosamines are not NIce to swallow (GI)’
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3
Q

Carcinogen that causes transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

A

Aniline dye

  • ‘ANnihilates your bladder’
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4
Q

Carcinogen that causes lung malig or liver angiosarcoma

A

Arsnic and Vinyl chloride

  • ‘Hip Angie (Hepatic Angiosarcoma) put on a VINYL and shook her ARSE
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5
Q

Carcinogen that causes leukaemia

A

Benzene

Ben and Luke..

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6
Q

What gene defect causes Li-Fraumeni

A

p53

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7
Q

What is the inheritance of Li-Fraumeni

A

Autosomal dominant

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8
Q

Malignancies associated with EBV

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hiv CNS lymphoma

Hairy leukoplakia (mon malig)

Note EBV is part of herpes family

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9
Q

Malignancies of Li-Fraumeni syndrome

A

Soft tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, glioblastoma, lymphoma, leukaemia

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10
Q

tumour marker for seminoma

A

hCG is associated with testicular seminomas

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11
Q

tumour marker for schwannomas

A

s-100

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12
Q

Antibody associated with breast colorectal and SCLC rich gives diffuse hypertonia or stiff persons syndrome

A

Anti GAD

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13
Q

Antibody associated with ovarian and breast cancer that causes cerebellar syndrome paraneoplastic

A

Anti yo

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14
Q

Best prognosis in Hodgkin’s lymphoma….

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma - best prognosis = lymphocyte predominant

Worst is lymphocyte depleted

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15
Q

Diagnosis for patient presenting with haematuria, loin pain, abdominal mass.. on examination you find a eft varicocele

A

Renal cell carcinoma… Can have cannonball mets and cause progressive dyspnoea in about 10%

Varococele from occlusion of left testicular vein

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16
Q

Cancer diagnosis with long history of cough/haemoptysis, cherry red ball seen on bronchoscopy

A

Carcinoid cancer. NOT related to smoking and difficult to see on CXR

17
Q

good v bad prognostics for ALL

A
Good - Bad
L1 - L3
Low WBC - High Wbc
Undiff - B or T differrentiation
hyperdiploidy - HYPO diploidy
t1:19/11:21 - T9:22
Female - Male
2-10yr  - <2 or >10
18
Q

Tumour marker for peritoneal cancer

A

Ca125

…as well as ovarian cancer and can be used to monitor response to chemo

19
Q

What is Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia?

A

Uncommon condition, seen in older men.
Lymphoplasmacytoid malignancy which secretes monoclonal IgM paraprotein

Weight loss, lethargy, hyperviscosity (e.g. visual disturbances), hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

20
Q

Classic presentation of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia?

A
Older man , lethargy weight loss
Visual disturbances (or other hyperviscosity symps)

Hepatosplenomegaly
Lymphadenopathy

21
Q

What blood results would you expect in Tumour lysis syndrome?

A

high potassium
high phosphate
High urate
LOW calcium..

. Due to breakdown of cells and release of cellular content

22
Q

What cancer is Lambert Eaton seen in

A

Lambert-Eaton syndrome occurs almost exclusively in small cell lung cancer… to a lesser extent breast and ovarian cancer

23
Q

Palliative patient in pain with CKD, not controlled on cocodamol

A

Alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl are preferred opioids in CKD

24
Q

Oral morphine to SC morphine

25
Oral morphine to SC diamorphine
/3
26
Oral oxycodone to SC diamorphine
/1.5
27
PO codeine to morphine
/10
28
oral morphine to transdermal fentanyl
1:100 fentanyl 100 patch will deliver 2400 micrograms or 2.4 mg of fentanyl per 24 hours
29
Tumour marker for seminoma
hCG
30
neuroblastoma tumour marker
Bombesin
31
Teratoma tumour marker
AFP