Oncology

Question 1

Define cancer and describe the characteristics of a cancerous cell

Answer 1

Neoplasia - uncontrolled cell growth
Anaplasia - poorly differentiated
Loss of contact inhibition
Mutations in the proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Metastasis

Question 2

What are the different types of carcinogen?

Answer 2

Refer to book

Question 3

What are the differences between a benign and malignant neoplasms?

Answer 3

Table 15-1

Question 4

Primary prevention for cancer?

Answer 4

Chart 15-2

Question 5

Secondary prevention for cancer?

Answer 5

Table 15-3

Question 6

How is a malignant tumor staged using the TNM classification?

Answer 6

Chart 15-3
T - tumor
N - node
M - metastasis

Question 7

What are the different types of surgery performed for patients with or at risk of cancer?

Answer 7

Diagnostic
Debulking
Prophylactic
Palliative
Reconstructive

Question 8

What are the 2 types of Radiation Therapy in cancer and what are your nursing responsibilities?

Answer 8

External radiation
Internal radiation
adverse effects
nursing care
precautions

Question 9

What is chemotherapy?

Answer 9

agents used to destroy tumor cells
cell cycle specific or cell cycle non-specific
dose based on TBSA/weight and previous experience
observe proper handling and administration of medication
often given in cycles over several periods to achieve more tumor destruction

Question 10

BMT is often used for hematologic cancers that affect the marrow or those who received treatment that ablates the bone marrow. What are the different types of BMT? What is a Graft-vs-Host Disease?

Answer 10

Allogenic
Autologous
Syngeneic

Graft-vs-Host Disease: donor cells initiate an immune response against the recipient’s tissues.