Gastrointestinal Flashcards
What are the different enzymes and secretions that help the body digest and metabolize the food we eat?
Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, HCl, Pepsin, Bile, Intrinsic Factor
When assessing a patient complaining of abdominal pain, what information should the nurse obtain?
Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing
What mechanisms stimulate vomiting?
visceral afferent stimulation, CNS disorders, irritation of CTZ
What age will you recommend a routine screening colonoscopy to your patients and what are your health teachings?
50
purpose, client preparation, post-procedure care
A patient needs to take barium sulfate for an upper GI study. What important instructions do you need to provide to the patient?
increase fluid intake, risk for constipation, monitor for complications
A patient is scheduled to undergo Contrast CT scan. What are your nursing responsibilities?
Check for allergies, renal function, hydration, hold meds that might affect kidneys
What are the indications for GI intubation?
Decompression, Lavage, Diagnostics, Medication, Control bleeding
When taking care of a patient with gastrostomy, what are your nursing responsibilities?
care, patency, decrease risk for infection, feeding
What are the potential complications of a patient who is receiving enteral feeding and how to avoid them?
indication, positioning, oral/skin care, monitoring, tube placement, feeding, hydration, maintenance
What are the potential complications of a patient who is receiving parenteral feeding and how to avoid them?
indication, positioning, oral/skin care, monitoring, tube placement, feeding, hydration, maintenance
Identify and differentiate normal from abnormal findings when performing a focused GI assessment.
Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion Chief complaint Lesions Tenderness Tympany vs Dull sounds
What are the risk factors for GERD?
Diet Increased intra-abdominal pressure H. pylori medications underlying disease condition
Describe and differentiate the two types of Hiatal Hernia.
Type 1 and Type 2
Sliding vs Non-sliding
Reflux symptoms
Complications
How does NSAID cause gastritis?
disrupts prostaglandin synthesis
What is the most common cause of gastritis and PUD? Describe the pathophysiology.
H. pylori
Exact mechanism unknown. Maybe d/t Inflammatory response, direct invasion of gastric mucosa, or increase gastric secretions
What is the treatment for H. pylori?
triple or quadruple therapy
drugs included
length of treatment
What lifestyle modifications will you provide for a patient with GERD?
diet
exercise/positioning
decrease intra-abdominal pressure
Differentiate the following:
a. Antacid
b. Histamine Receptor Antagonist
c. Proton Pump Inhibitor
d. Misoprostol
e. Sucralfate
Mechanisms of action
Onset
Duration and Frequency
Nursing considerations
What complications can develop from gastritis?
acute - erosion/bleeding
chronic - atrophy - decrease HCl and pernicious anemia
What complications can develop from PUD and how will each complication be managed?
Hemorrhage
Perforation
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Management
Identify and differentiate the types of PUD
Gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
Stress ulcer
What are the different diagnostic tests commonly used to assess GI disorders and describe
name
indication/purpose
nursing considerations
