Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What are the different enzymes and secretions that help the body digest and metabolize the food we eat?

Answer 1

Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, HCl, Pepsin, Bile, Intrinsic Factor

Question 2

When assessing a patient complaining of abdominal pain, what information should the nurse obtain?

Answer 2

Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing

Question 3

What mechanisms stimulate vomiting?

Answer 3

visceral afferent stimulation, CNS disorders, irritation of CTZ

Question 4

What age will you recommend a routine screening colonoscopy to your patients and what are your health teachings?

Answer 4

50

purpose, client preparation, post-procedure care

Question 5

A patient needs to take barium sulfate for an upper GI study. What important instructions do you need to provide to the patient?

Answer 5

increase fluid intake, risk for constipation, monitor for complications

Question 6

A patient is scheduled to undergo Contrast CT scan. What are your nursing responsibilities?

Answer 6

Check for allergies, renal function, hydration, hold meds that might affect kidneys

Question 7

What are the indications for GI intubation?

Answer 7

Decompression, Lavage, Diagnostics, Medication, Control bleeding

Question 8

When taking care of a patient with gastrostomy, what are your nursing responsibilities?

Answer 8

care, patency, decrease risk for infection, feeding

Question 9

What are the potential complications of a patient who is receiving enteral feeding and how to avoid them?

Answer 9

indication, positioning, oral/skin care, monitoring, tube placement, feeding, hydration, maintenance

Question 10

What are the potential complications of a patient who is receiving parenteral feeding and how to avoid them?

Answer 10

indication, positioning, oral/skin care, monitoring, tube placement, feeding, hydration, maintenance

Question 11

Identify and differentiate normal from abnormal findings when performing a focused GI assessment.

Answer 11

Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion
Chief complaint
Lesions
Tenderness
Tympany vs Dull sounds

Question 12

What are the risk factors for GERD?

Answer 12

Diet
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
H. pylori
medications
underlying disease condition

Question 13

Describe and differentiate the two types of Hiatal Hernia.

Answer 13

Type 1 and Type 2
Sliding vs Non-sliding
Reflux symptoms
Complications

Question 14

How does NSAID cause gastritis?

Answer 14

disrupts prostaglandin synthesis

Question 15

What is the most common cause of gastritis and PUD? Describe the pathophysiology.

Answer 15

H. pylori
Exact mechanism unknown. Maybe d/t Inflammatory response, direct invasion of gastric mucosa, or increase gastric secretions

Question 16

What is the treatment for H. pylori?

Answer 16

triple or quadruple therapy
drugs included
length of treatment

Question 17

What lifestyle modifications will you provide for a patient with GERD?

Answer 17

diet
exercise/positioning
decrease intra-abdominal pressure

Question 18

Differentiate the following:

a. Antacid
b. Histamine Receptor Antagonist
c. Proton Pump Inhibitor
d. Misoprostol
e. Sucralfate

Answer 18

Mechanisms of action
Onset
Duration and Frequency
Nursing considerations

Question 19

What complications can develop from gastritis?

Answer 19

acute - erosion/bleeding

chronic - atrophy - decrease HCl and pernicious anemia

Question 20

What complications can develop from PUD and how will each complication be managed?

Answer 20

Hemorrhage
Perforation
Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Management

Question 21

Identify and differentiate the types of PUD

Answer 21

Gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
Stress ulcer

Question 22

What are the different diagnostic tests commonly used to assess GI disorders and describe

Answer 22

name
indication/purpose
nursing considerations