oncology

Question 1

bleomycin (MOA… and SE)

Answer 1

• has unique ability to bind DNA and iron simultaneously, oxidized iron then damages DNA (superoxide and hydroxide radicals)
• pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation

Question 2

methotrexate (MOA, SE, tx for SE)

Answer 2

• inhibits dihydrofolate reductase –> decreases thymidine
• myelosuppression, glossitis, mucositis
• leucovorin rescue (folinic acid)
• can also be used as immunosuppressant and abortifacient

Question 3

name a common alkylating agent and its dangerous SE that is treated prophylactically with…

Answer 3

• cyclophosphamide
• hemorrhagic cystitis
• mesna

Question 4

tacrolimus (use, MOA) bonus point for fun fact related to hearts

Answer 4

-transplant immunosuppression
-calcineurin inhibitor, binds to FK-binding protein, inhibits interleukin-2 secretion –> prevents activation and differentiation of T cells
(also used on drug eluting stents to prevent fibrosis)

Question 5

filgrastim is a….

Answer 5

-granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 6

BEP regimen, (3 drugs (p is trixy), and what it is indicated for)

Answer 6

• bleomycin (free radical generation … pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation)
• etoposide (G2 specific topoisomerase inhibitor … myelosupression and alopecia)
• cisplatin (crosslinking of DNA … nephrotox)
• used for testicular cancer (seminoma)

Question 7

methimazole (tx for… MOA… SE…)

Answer 7

• hyperthyroid
• prevents iodination of thyroglobulin
• agranulocytosis

Question 8

anti-neoplastic microtubule drugs (2… and MOA… and SE… what phase is the cell in)

Answer 8

• vinca alkaloids, inhibit formation of microtubules, neurotox
• paclitaxel, prevents breakdown of microtubules, myelosuppression and alopecia
• M phase

Question 9

busulfan (MOA… SE (or tx?)…

Answer 9

• an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA
• pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation and…..
• *bone marrow suppression in 100%** can be used for this purpose in transplant patients

Question 10

recombinant IL-2 is used to treat… along with… because

Answer 10

• renal cell carcinoma
• surgical excision
• getting rid of primary tumor can decrease MET burden

Question 11

trastuzumab is used to treat….(subtype) and is a …. (class)

Answer 11

• breast cancers expressing HER2 (or erbB2)

- monoclonal antibody

Question 12

carcinoid secretes… which is subject to first pass metabolism, so it usually doesn’t present until…

Answer 12

• serotonin

- METS

Question 13

bevacizumab (what is it, what do you treat with it?)

Answer 13

• monoclonal antibody against VEGF (decreased vascular growth)
• tx: several solid tumor cancers–> colon, breast, small cell lung

Question 14

drugs that cause alopecia and their MOA

Answer 14

• paclitaxel … prevents microtubule breakdown (M phase)

- etoposide … prevents DNA unwinding via topoisomerase II inhibitor (G2 phase)

Question 15

alpha-interferon, uses?

Answer 15

-HBV, HCV, leukemias, kaposi and malignant melanoma

Question 16

gamma-interferon, uses?

Answer 16

• CGD

- normally produced by t-lymphocytes

Question 17

tx for hodgkin … (4 letter acronym)

Answer 17

• ABVD
• (brand name that starts with A…) doxyrubicin
• bleomycin
• vinblastine
• dacrabazine

Question 18

hemorrhagic cystitis is caused by… and can be prevented by treatment with… (2)

Answer 18

• cyclophosphamide

- mesna or N-acetylcysteine

Question 19

vincristine is a …. which stops cell cycle at … phase, but can have … SE

Answer 19

• microtubule inhibitor
• M phase
• neurotox: areflexia, peripheral neuritis, paralytic ileus

Question 20

vinblastine is a … which stops cell cycle at … phase, but can have … SE

Answer 20

• microtubule inhibitor
• M phase
• myelosuppresion (blastine blasts bone)

Question 21

anti-VEGF drugs (3)

Answer 21

• bevacizumab
• sorafenib
• sunitinib