cardio

Question 1

indomethacin

Answer 1

-used to help close PDA

Question 2

prazosin (target, treatment for… (2))

Answer 2

• selective alpha 1 blockade

- HTN and BPH

Question 3

drug given to pts with torsade de pointes

Answer 3

-IV magnesium sulfate

Question 4

amiodarone… (MOA, use and SE)

Answer 4

• class III anti-arrhythmic, used as second line in a.fib

- can lead to hyper or hypothyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis and hepatotoxicity

Question 5

fibrates (name one, general MOA, end goal and side effects)

Answer 5

• gemfbrozil
• increase lipoprotein lipase
• most effective medication to lower triglyceride levels
• cholesterol gallstones, myositis, hepatotoxicity

Question 6

COX-2 vs Aspirin (targets, importance for thrombi)

Answer 6

• cox 2: inhibits prostaglandin i2
• aspirin: inhibits prostaglandin i2 and thromboxane a2
• thromboxane a2 is a platelet aggregator and prothrombotic

Question 7

lupus like syndrome drug SE

Answer 7

• procainamide (anti-arrythmic)

- also minocycline, valproate, hydralazine, sulfasalazine, isoniazid, penacillamine

Question 8

non-dyhydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Answer 8

• diltiazam and verapamil
• both decrease inward flow of calcium through L-type channels and increases time to recover
• effect of decreasing HR and contractility

Question 9

class III anti-arrhythmic B-blocker (name and use)

Answer 9

• sotalol

- SVT (doesn’t widen QRS)

Question 10

cardio drug that can mask poorly controlled diabetes

Answer 10

-B-blockers, decrease HR (tachy is symptom of hypoglycemia)

Question 11

esmolol (target and use (because of special features))

Answer 11

• ultra short acting beta 1 specific blocker

- used in SVT or atrial flutter

Question 12

phenoxybenzamine (target and use)

Answer 12

• selective, irreversible, alpha 1 antagonist

- used prior to surgery for pheochromocytoma

Question 13

beta blocker effect on contractility and HR (beta-1) (think about EDV, ejection time and O2 consuption also)

Answer 13

• decrease both
• leads to increased EDV (more time for filling) and increasing ejection time (more blood to push), ultimately decreasing the hearts oxygen consumption

Question 14

special feature of ethacrynic acid

Answer 14

-only diuretic that is not a sulfa derivative

Question 15

procainamide

Answer 15

• class 1a anti-arrhythmic… which means it does 2 things…
• blocks sodium channels, decreasing conduction velocity (widening QRS)
• blocks K channels increasing effective refractory period

Question 16

digoxin (MOA, tx for…)

Answer 16

• inhibition of Na/K pump, leads to accumulation of Na in the cell… reduces exchange of (external) sodium for (internal) Ca++ increasing Ca++ levels in the cell, increasing contractility
• increase ejection fraction, more blood to periphery per beat…. tx for CHF

Question 17

hydralazine (what is it, who is it first line tx for, what do you need to coadminister)

Answer 17

• potent vasodilator used for HTN in pregnant women

- co-administer b-blocker to counteract reflex tachycardia

Question 18

most effective medicine for increasing HDL… (also, SE and tx of SE)

Answer 18

• niacin

- flushing, co-administer aspirin

Question 19

labetalol targets

Answer 19

-alpha 1, alpha 2 beta 1, beta 2

Question 20

atenalol targets

Answer 20

-beta 1

Question 21

doxorubicin and daunorubicin

Answer 21

-DNA intercalators, significant cardiac toxicity

Question 22

niacin deficiency leads to… (what B vitamin is niacin?)

Answer 22

• B3 deficiency…. pellagra (4 D’s)

- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Question 23

doxazosin (MOA, tx (2))

Answer 23

• selective alpha-1 antagonist
• HTN (relaxes vascular smooth muscle)
• BPH (relaxes smooth muscle in bladder and urethra