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Med 231 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Ablat/o

A

To take away

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2
Q

Bi/o

A

Life

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3
Q

Cancer/o

A

Cancer

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4
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer

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5
Q

Chem/o

A

Chemical or drug?

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6
Q

Cry/o

A

Cold

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7
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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8
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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10
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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11
Q

Melan/o

A

Black or dark

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12
Q

Onc/o

A

Tumor

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13
Q

Path/o

A

Disease

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14
Q

Plas/o

A

Growth or formation

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15
Q

Radio/o

A

X-rays or radiation?

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16
Q

Rhabd/o

A

Striated muscle

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17
Q

Sarc/o

A

Muscle or flesh?

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18
Q

Squam/o

A

Scale like structure

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19
Q

Chondro-

A

Cartilage

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20
Q

Dys-

A

Painful. Difficult to abnormal

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21
Q

Intra-

A

Within

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22
Q

Leio-

A

Smooth

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23
Q

Mal-

A

Bad or poor?

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24
Q

Meta-

A

Change or beyond

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25
Q

Neo-

A

New

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26
Q

Para-

A

Beside

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27
Q

Trans-

A

Across or through?

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28
Q

-gen

A

Origin or production

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29
Q

-genic

A

Originating or producing?

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30
Q

-oma

A

Tumor or neoplasm?

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31
Q

-scopy

A

Viewing examining or observing with an instrument

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32
Q

Benign

A

Non-malignant form of a neoplasm

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33
Q

Cancer (CA)

A

General term for a group of diseases characterized by abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells

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34
Q

Cancerous

A

Pertaining to cancer

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35
Q

Carcinogen

A

Any cancer causing substance or organism

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36
Q

Differentiation

A

Acquiring characteristics or functions different from that of the original cell

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37
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal growth of tissue

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38
Q

In situ

A

In the original place or site without any expansion or spread

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39
Q

Invasion

A

The direct migration and penetration of cancer cells into neighboring tissues

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40
Q

Lesion

A

Pathologic change in tissue resulting from disease or injury

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41
Q

Malignant

A

Tumor that invades surrounding tissue and may spread to other body parts. Cancerous

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42
Q

Matastasis

A

Spread of disease from one part of the body to another

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43
Q

Oncogenes

A

Mutated form of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells

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44
Q

Oncogenetic

A

Causing her being suitable for the development of a tumor

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45
Q

Recurrence

A

The return of Cancer or disease

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46
Q

Remission

A

Listening and severity of disease symptoms the period of time when a cancer is responding to treatment or is under control

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47
Q

TNM staging

A

Abbreviation for cancer classification based on characteristics of the tumors, nodal involvement and extent of metastasis

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48
Q

Tumor staging

A

The extent of spread of a cancer from its original site

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49
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

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50
Q

Adenoma

A

But I neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

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51
Q

Carcinoma (CA)

A

Malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue chiefly glandular (adenoarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma)

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52
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue

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53
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of deep fiberous tissue

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54
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign neoplasm of adipose fat tissue

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55
Q

Liposarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of adipose fat tissue

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56
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

Tumor that invades surrounding tissue and is usually capable of metastasizing can be located in any organ or tissue in the body

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57
Q

Melanoma

A

Tumor characterized by dark appearance, most commonly occurs in the skin or in the eye

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58
Q

Neoplasm or tumor

A

Abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass can be, benign or malignant

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59
Q

Neuroma

A

Tumor derived from nervous tissue

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60
Q

Myeloma

A

Tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow

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61
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of connective tissue or neopithelial cells

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62
Q

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

A

I can’t do that. Begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin

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63
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Cancer of the skin and sometimes the lymph nodes that cause purpleish red patches on the skin most commonly seen in patients with acquired immunodeficient syndrome or AIDS

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64
Q

Melanoma

A

I’m malignant skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes in the epidermis usually caused by exposure to ultraviolet UV radiation

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65
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

A cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper level of the epidermis of the skin

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66
Q

Chondroma

A

A common benign tumor a rising from cartilage cells

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67
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

A large malignant tumorizing from cartilage cells

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68
Q

Ewing tumor or Ewing sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue

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69
Q

Giant cell tumor

A

A tumor of the tenant sheath that can be either benign or malignant

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70
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of smooth non-striated muscle

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71
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of smooth non-starrated muscle

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72
Q

Liposarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of adipose fat tissue and deep soft tissue occurs in the retroperitoneal tissue and the thigh

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73
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Fast growing malignant type of bone cancer that develops in bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) most common in the most malignant of bones are commas

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74
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor of striated skeletal muscle

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75
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

A highly malignant tumor of striated skeletal muscle

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76
Q

Astrocytoma

A

A tumor that arises from small star shaped cells astrocytes in the brain and spinal cord

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77
Q

Glioma

A

Answer the rises from the glial cells of the nervous system

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78
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Cancer the develops from the primitive nerve cells in the medullary tube and is usually located in the cerebellum

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79
Q

Meningioma

A

Benign and slow growing tumor of the meninges

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80
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Malignant tumor of embryonic nerve cells neuroblast neuroblastoma frequently occurs in infants and children and 30% are associated with the adrenal glands

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81
Q

Intraocular melanoma

A

Malignant cancer that forms in the tissue of the eyes

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82
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

A malignant ocular tumor of the retina that affects young children

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83
Q

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

A

A group of disorders characterized by functioning tumors and more than one endocrine gland

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84
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

A vascular tumor of the adrenal gland

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85
Q

Pituitary adenoma

A

A benign tumor arising in the pituitary gland

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86
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

Cancer of the immune system marked by the presence of reed sternberg cells. Large transformed pathogenic cells derived from B. Lymphocytes

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87
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of the blood indicated by malignant increase in the number of white blood cells

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88
Q

Lymphangioma

A

Master tumor of lymphatic vessels

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89
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancer that begins in immune system cells

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90
Q

Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

A

Any of a large group of cancers or lymphocytes lymphoma other than Hodgkin’s disease?

91
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma or non-small cell carcinoma

A

Lung cancer cancer that arises from the lungs or bronchial tract

92
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Cancer of the epithelial lining of the lungs plural or the epithelial lining of the heart pericardium usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust

93
Q

Oat cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma

A

Highly malignant form of long or broncogenic cancer in which cells appear small and rounded under a microscope

94
Q

Colon cancer

A

Cancer that forms in the tissue of the colon

95
Q

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

A

Benign or malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and most occurring in the stomach

96
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Cancer that forms in the tissue of the urinary bladder

97
Q

Nephroma

A

Tumor of the kidney

98
Q

Urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma

A

Cancer derived from the transitional epithelium occurring mainly in the urinary bladder urethra or renal pelves

99
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Malignant kidney cancer that affects children

100
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or intraductal carcinoma

A

Form of cancer derived from the epithelial lining of ducks in the breast. In most cases, it is confirmed to the ducks (in situ means in place) and does not spread into surrounding breast tissue

101
Q

Germ cell tumor (GCT)

A

Cancerous or non-cancerous neoplasm derived from the germ cells. Sex cells of the ovaries

102
Q

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) test

A

Blood test for substance produced by tumor cells in the body found an elevated levels in patients with ovarian cancer

103
Q

Estrogen receptor test

A

Blood test for a type of protein present in some breast cancer cells to which estrogen attaches if cells have estrogen receptors they need estrogen to grow and knowing this determines treatment type

104
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test

A

Blood test for the substance that an elevate a levels may indicate cancer in the testes ovary liver, stomach, pancreas or lung

105
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

Microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes. Example cancer

106
Q

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test

A

Blood test for substance produced only by the prostate, elevated levels May indicate prostate cancer in its early stages

107
Q

Tumor marker test

A

Various blood tests for specific substances produced by certain types of tumors

108
Q

Biopsy

A

The process of removing tissue from living patients for diagnostic examination

109
Q

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

A

Procedure of withdrawing cells from a lesion for examination with a fine needle on a syringe

110
Q

Radionuclide scan

A

Imaging scan in which a small amount of radioactive substances injected into the vein. A machine measures levels of radioactivity in certain organs which may indicate abnormal areas or tumors

111
Q

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

A

Removal and examination of the sentinel nodes, which are the first lymph nodes to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor

112
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

A

Type of nuclear imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissue and organs can help identify certain types of tumors

113
Q

Punch biopsy

A

Removal of a small oval core of skin for laboratory analysis using a sharp hollow instrument

114
Q

Shave biopsy

A

Removal of a sample of skin for laboratory analysis using a scalpel to slice the specimen from the site

115
Q

Bone scan

A

Technique used to create images of bone by injecting the patient with radioactive dye that is taken up by bone tissue

116
Q

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

A

Procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow and bone is removed for evaluation using a special needle that is pushed into the bone

117
Q

Stereostatic biopsy

A

Persist procedure that uses a computer and three-dimensional scanner defined a tumor and remove it

118
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Removal of a small amount of fluid and cells from the inside of the bone with a needle and syringe

119
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Removal and evaluation of a small amount of bone along with fluid and cells from the inside the bone

120
Q

Lumbar puncture (LP)

A

The process of inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spine to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis used to determine if leukemia cells are present

121
Q

Lymph node biopsy

A

Removal of lymph node tissue for pathologic evaluation

122
Q

Thoracoscopy or pleuroscopy

A

And just scope examination of the plural cavity made through a small opening in the chest wall

123
Q

Cholescintigraphy or hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan

A

Imaging test used to examine the function of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts

124
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholanglopancreatography (ERCP)

A

Procedure using x-ray and injectable dye to determine disorders in the bile duct, gallbladder and pancreas

125
Q

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

A

Procedure using an ultrasound imaging device on the tip of the endoscope for evaluation of the bowel wall and adjacent structures

126
Q

Magnetic resonance cholanglopancreatography (MRCP)

A

Procedure using magnetic resonance imaging and an injectable dye to examine problems in the bile. Gallbladder and pancreas

127
Q

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

Examination which the clinician inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum to check anatomic structures for abnormalities

128
Q

Prostate biopsy

A

A procedure in which prostate gland tissue samples are removed from the body for examination under a microscope to determine whether cancers or other abnormal cells are present

129
Q

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

A

Ultrasound imaging of the prostate done through the rectum used to diagnose prostate cancer

130
Q

Cervical conization or come biopsy

A

Biopsy of the cervix in which a cone shaped sample of tissue is removed from the cervix

131
Q

Colposcopy

A

Fish will examination of the tissue of the cervix and vagina uses a lighted microscope (colposcope) to identify abnormal cell growth and if necessary or move a tissue sample for biopsy

132
Q

Endometrial biopsy

A

Procedure whereby a sample of the endometrium of the uterus is removed from the body and examined under a microscope used to check for uterine cancer

133
Q

Mammography

A

An extra examination of the breast used to detect breast tumors

134
Q

Brachytherapy or seed implantation

A

Procedure by which radioactive seeds are placed inside cancers, tissue and position to kill nearby cancer cells

135
Q

Cryosurgery

A

The use of freezing temperatures to destroy tissue

136
Q

Debulking surgery

A

Excision of a major part of a tumor that cannot be completely removed

137
Q

Palliative surgery

A

Surgery that is performed to relieve pain or other symptoms but not to cure the cancer or prolong a patient’s life

138
Q

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)

A

A procedure in which a surgical oncologist cancer specialist uses a small probe to deliver heat from radio frequency energy to kill cancerous tissue use primarily to treat liver, prostate, kidney bone and breast cancer

139
Q

Reconstructive surgery

A

Surgery performed to return function and appearance to a specific area of the body after removal of a tumor

140
Q

Mohs surgery

A

Surgical procedure that involves removing and examining a piece of tumor in the skin bit by bit until the entire lesion is removed

141
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical removal of an entire limb

142
Q

Limb salvage surgery

A

Surgical procedure in which only the cancer section of the bone is removed. But nearby muscles, tenants and other structures are left intact

143
Q

Craniectomy

A

Excision of part of the cranium to access the brain

144
Q

Stereostatic radiosurgery

A

Radiation therapy technique for treating brain tumors by aiming high dose radiation beams directly at the tumors

145
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of an eyeball

146
Q

Iridectomy

A

Excision of part of the iris for very small melanomas

147
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

Excision of all or some of the parathyroid glands

148
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Excision of the thyroid gland

149
Q

Transsphenoidal resection

A

Excision of a pituitary adenoma by making an incision through this phenoid bone (the nose to the bottom of the skull) where the pituitary gland is located

150
Q

Bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

Transfer of bone marrow from one person to another

151
Q

Peripheral stem cell transplant

A

The collection and freezing of stem cells from the blood which are then reintroduced into the patient after chemotherapy

152
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Excision of a lymph node

153
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Excision of all or part of the larynx usually to treat cancer of the larynx

154
Q

Lobectomy

A

Excision of a lobe of the lung

155
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Excision of the lung

156
Q

Wedge resection

A

Excision of part of a lobe of the lung

157
Q

Colectomy

A

Excision of all are part of the colon

158
Q

Esophagectomy

A

Excision of the diseased portion of the esophagus and all associated tissue that might contain cancer

159
Q

Gastrectomy or billroth I operation and billroth II operation

A

Excision of part or all of the stomach

160
Q

Pancreaticoduodenectomy or Whipple operation

A

Excision of all or part of the pancreas together with the duodenum and usually the distal stomach

161
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical removal of part or all of the bladder

162
Q

Fulguration

A

Destruction of tissue by means of high frequency electric currents commonly used to remove tumors from the inside of the bladder

163
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Excision of a kidney

164
Q

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB)

A

Excision of a tumor from the bladder through the urethra using a resectoscope

165
Q

Prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

Removal of prostate tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope

166
Q

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

A

Gynecological procedure that uses thin low voltage electrified wire to loop and cut out cancers tissue in the cervix

167
Q

Mastectomy

A

Excision of a breast done to remove a malignant tumor

168
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

Excision of a breast along with some of the underlying muscle and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit

169
Q

Radical mastectomy

A

Excision of the breast as well as the underlying muscle lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit

170
Q

Simple mastectomy

A

Excision of a breast leaving the underlying muscle and lymph nodes intact

171
Q

Myomectomy

A

Excision of a myoma (benign neoplasm) specifically a uterine myoma

172
Q

External beam radiation

A

Procedure by which a beam of high energy radiation is applied externally directly to the tumor to minimize damage to other tissues

173
Q

Radiation therapy

A

The use of high energy, x-rays or other particles to kill cancer cells

174
Q

Aromatase inhibitors

A

Group of drugs designed to reduce estrogen levels in women’s body and stop the growth of cancer cells that depend on estrogen to live and grow

175
Q

Chemoprevention

A

The use of drugs are other agents to inhibit or prevent disease

176
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Regime of therapy that uses chemicals to treat cancer

177
Q

Adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy given an addition to surgery to destroy remaining residual tumor or to reduce the risk of recurrence

178
Q

Interstitial chemotherapy

A

A placement of chemotherapy drug directly into a tumor

179
Q

Intrathecal chemotherapy

A

Delivery of chemotherapy drug into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture

180
Q

Palliative chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy that is given to relieve pain or other symptoms of cancer but not to cure it

181
Q

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy

A

Drugs that interfere with the growth of individual cancer cells

182
Q

Hormonal therapy

A

Use of hormones to stop a tumor from growing to relieve symptoms caused by a tumor or to replace the hormone that is needed by the body to function properly after a body part is removed due to cancer

183
Q

Immunotherapy or biological therapy

A

Method of boosting the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer by using materials made either by the body or an laboratory to bolster, target, or restore immune system function

184
Q

Gynecologic oncology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the female reproductive system

185
Q

Gynecologic oncologist

A

Physician who specializes in the care and treatment of women with gynecologic cancers

186
Q

Medical oncology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the use of medical and chemotherapeutic treatments of cancer

187
Q

Medical oncologist

A

Physician is specializes in treating cancer with the chemotherapy

188
Q

Oncology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the physical, chemical and biological properties and features of cancers

189
Q

Oncologist

A

Physician who specializes in the science of oncology

190
Q

Pediatric oncology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancers and blood diseases

191
Q

Pediatric oncologist

A

Physician who specializes in the treatment of childhood Cancers and blood diseases

192
Q

Radiation oncology

A

Radiologic specialist concerned with radiation treatment as the main mode of treatment for cancer

193
Q

Radiation oncologists or radiotherapist

A

Physician who specializes in treating cancers with high energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells

194
Q

Surgical oncology

A

Surgical specialty concerning with the surgical aspects of cancer

195
Q

Surgical oncologist

A

Physician who specializes in the surgical aspects of cancer, including biopsy and tumor staging and resection

196
Q

AFP

A

Alpha fetoprotein

197
Q

BCC

A

Basal cell carcinoma

198
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant

199
Q

CA

A

Cancer or carcinoma

200
Q

DCIS

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

201
Q

DRE

A

Digital rectal exam

202
Q

EGFR

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor

203
Q

ERCP

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangliopancreatography

204
Q

EUS

A

Endoscopic ultrasound

205
Q

FNA

A

Fine needle aspiration

206
Q

GCT

A

Germ cell tumor

207
Q

GIST

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

208
Q

hCG

A

Human chorionic gandotropin

209
Q

HIDA

A

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid

210
Q

LEEP

A

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure

211
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

212
Q

MEN

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

213
Q

MRCP

A

Magnetic resonance cholanglopancreatography

214
Q

NHL

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

215
Q

PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen

216
Q

RFA

A

Radio frequency abolition

217
Q

SCC

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

218
Q

SPECT

A

Single photon emission computed tomography

219
Q

TNM staging

A

Tumor node metastasis

220
Q

TRUS

A

Transrectal ultrasound

221
Q

TURB

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor

222
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral resection of prostate

223
Q

UV

A

Ultraviolet

Med 231 (15 decks)

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