Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
Ablat/o
A
To take away
2
Q
Bi/o
A
Life
3
Q
Cancer/o
A
Cancer
4
Q
Carcin/o
A
Cancer
5
Q
Chem/o
A
Chemical or drug?
6
Q
Cry/o
A
Cold
7
Q
Cyt/o
A
Cell
8
Q
Kary/o
A
Nucleus
9
Q
Lapar/o
A
Abdomen
10
Q
Leuk/o
A
White
11
Q
Melan/o
A
Black or dark
12
Q
Onc/o
A
Tumor
13
Q
Path/o
A
Disease
14
Q
Plas/o
A
Growth or formation
15
Q
Radio/o
A
X-rays or radiation?
16
Q
Rhabd/o
A
Striated muscle
17
Q
Sarc/o
A
Muscle or flesh?
18
Q
Squam/o
A
Scale like structure
19
Q
Chondro-
A
Cartilage
20
Q
Dys-
A
Painful. Difficult to abnormal
21
Q
Intra-
A
Within
22
Q
Leio-
A
Smooth
23
Q
Mal-
A
Bad or poor?
24
Q
Meta-
A
Change or beyond
25
Neo-
New
26
Para-
Beside
27
Trans-
Across or through?
28
-gen
Origin or production
29
-genic
Originating or producing?
30
-oma
Tumor or neoplasm?
31
-scopy
Viewing examining or observing with an instrument
32
Benign
Non-malignant form of a neoplasm
33
Cancer (CA)
General term for a group of diseases characterized by abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells
34
Cancerous
Pertaining to cancer
35
Carcinogen
Any cancer causing substance or organism
36
Differentiation
Acquiring characteristics or functions different from that of the original cell
37
Dysplasia
Abnormal growth of tissue
38
In situ
In the original place or site without any expansion or spread
39
Invasion
The direct migration and penetration of cancer cells into neighboring tissues
40
Lesion
Pathologic change in tissue resulting from disease or injury
41
Malignant
Tumor that invades surrounding tissue and may spread to other body parts. Cancerous
42
Matastasis
Spread of disease from one part of the body to another
43
Oncogenes
Mutated form of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells
44
Oncogenetic
Causing her being suitable for the development of a tumor
45
Recurrence
The return of Cancer or disease
46
Remission
Listening and severity of disease symptoms the period of time when a cancer is responding to treatment or is under control
47
TNM staging
Abbreviation for cancer classification based on characteristics of the tumors, nodal involvement and extent of metastasis
48
Tumor staging
The extent of spread of a cancer from its original site
49
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant neoplasm composed of glandular tissue
50
Adenoma
But I neoplasm composed of glandular tissue
51
Carcinoma (CA)
Malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue chiefly glandular (adenoarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma)
52
Fibroma
Benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue
53
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of deep fiberous tissue
54
Lipoma
Benign neoplasm of adipose fat tissue
55
Liposarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of adipose fat tissue
56
Malignant neoplasm
Tumor that invades surrounding tissue and is usually capable of metastasizing can be located in any organ or tissue in the body
57
Melanoma
Tumor characterized by dark appearance, most commonly occurs in the skin or in the eye
58
Neoplasm or tumor
Abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass can be, benign or malignant
59
Neuroma
Tumor derived from nervous tissue
60
Myeloma
Tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow
61
Sarcoma
Malignant neoplasm of connective tissue or neopithelial cells
62
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
I can't do that. Begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin
63
Kaposi sarcoma
Cancer of the skin and sometimes the lymph nodes that cause purpleish red patches on the skin most commonly seen in patients with acquired immunodeficient syndrome or AIDS
64
Melanoma
I'm malignant skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes in the epidermis usually caused by exposure to ultraviolet UV radiation
65
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
A cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper level of the epidermis of the skin
66
Chondroma
A common benign tumor a rising from cartilage cells
67
Chondrosarcoma
A large malignant tumorizing from cartilage cells
68
Ewing tumor or Ewing sarcoma
Malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue
69
Giant cell tumor
A tumor of the tenant sheath that can be either benign or malignant
70
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of smooth non-striated muscle
71
Leiomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor of smooth non-starrated muscle
72
Liposarcoma
Malignant tumor of adipose fat tissue and deep soft tissue occurs in the retroperitoneal tissue and the thigh
73
Osteosarcoma
Fast growing malignant type of bone cancer that develops in bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) most common in the most malignant of bones are commas
74
Rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of striated skeletal muscle
75
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A highly malignant tumor of striated skeletal muscle
76
Astrocytoma
A tumor that arises from small star shaped cells astrocytes in the brain and spinal cord
77
Glioma
Answer the rises from the glial cells of the nervous system
78
Medulloblastoma
Cancer the develops from the primitive nerve cells in the medullary tube and is usually located in the cerebellum
79
Meningioma
Benign and slow growing tumor of the meninges
80
Neuroblastoma
Malignant tumor of embryonic nerve cells neuroblast neuroblastoma frequently occurs in infants and children and 30% are associated with the adrenal glands
81
Intraocular melanoma
Malignant cancer that forms in the tissue of the eyes
82
Retinoblastoma
A malignant ocular tumor of the retina that affects young children
83
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
A group of disorders characterized by functioning tumors and more than one endocrine gland
84
Pheochromocytoma
A vascular tumor of the adrenal gland
85
Pituitary adenoma
A benign tumor arising in the pituitary gland
86
Hodgkin disease
Cancer of the immune system marked by the presence of reed sternberg cells. Large transformed pathogenic cells derived from B. Lymphocytes
87
Leukemia
Cancer of the blood indicated by malignant increase in the number of white blood cells
88
Lymphangioma
Master tumor of lymphatic vessels
89
Lymphoma
Cancer that begins in immune system cells
90
Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Any of a large group of cancers or lymphocytes lymphoma other than Hodgkin's disease?
91
Bronchogenic carcinoma or non-small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer cancer that arises from the lungs or bronchial tract
92
Mesothelioma
Cancer of the epithelial lining of the lungs plural or the epithelial lining of the heart pericardium usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
93
Oat cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma
Highly malignant form of long or broncogenic cancer in which cells appear small and rounded under a microscope
94
Colon cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissue of the colon
95
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Benign or malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and most occurring in the stomach
96
Bladder cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissue of the urinary bladder
97
Nephroma
Tumor of the kidney
98
Urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma
Cancer derived from the transitional epithelium occurring mainly in the urinary bladder urethra or renal pelves
99
Wilms tumor
Malignant kidney cancer that affects children
100
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or intraductal carcinoma
Form of cancer derived from the epithelial lining of ducks in the breast. In most cases, it is confirmed to the ducks (in situ means in place) and does not spread into surrounding breast tissue
101
Germ cell tumor (GCT)
Cancerous or non-cancerous neoplasm derived from the germ cells. Sex cells of the ovaries
102
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) test
Blood test for substance produced by tumor cells in the body found an elevated levels in patients with ovarian cancer
103
Estrogen receptor test
Blood test for a type of protein present in some breast cancer cells to which estrogen attaches if cells have estrogen receptors they need estrogen to grow and knowing this determines treatment type
104
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test
Blood test for the substance that an elevate a levels may indicate cancer in the testes ovary liver, stomach, pancreas or lung
105
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
Microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes. Example cancer
106
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
Blood test for substance produced only by the prostate, elevated levels May indicate prostate cancer in its early stages
107
Tumor marker test
Various blood tests for specific substances produced by certain types of tumors
108
Biopsy
The process of removing tissue from living patients for diagnostic examination
109
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
Procedure of withdrawing cells from a lesion for examination with a fine needle on a syringe
110
Radionuclide scan
Imaging scan in which a small amount of radioactive substances injected into the vein. A machine measures levels of radioactivity in certain organs which may indicate abnormal areas or tumors
111
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Removal and examination of the sentinel nodes, which are the first lymph nodes to which cancer cells are likely to spread from a primary tumor
112
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
Type of nuclear imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissue and organs can help identify certain types of tumors
113
Punch biopsy
Removal of a small oval core of skin for laboratory analysis using a sharp hollow instrument
114
Shave biopsy
Removal of a sample of skin for laboratory analysis using a scalpel to slice the specimen from the site
115
Bone scan
Technique used to create images of bone by injecting the patient with radioactive dye that is taken up by bone tissue
116
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow and bone is removed for evaluation using a special needle that is pushed into the bone
117
Stereostatic biopsy
Persist procedure that uses a computer and three-dimensional scanner defined a tumor and remove it
118
Bone marrow aspiration
Removal of a small amount of fluid and cells from the inside of the bone with a needle and syringe
119
Bone marrow biopsy
Removal and evaluation of a small amount of bone along with fluid and cells from the inside the bone
120
Lumbar puncture (LP)
The process of inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spine to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis used to determine if leukemia cells are present
121
Lymph node biopsy
Removal of lymph node tissue for pathologic evaluation
122
Thoracoscopy or pleuroscopy
And just scope examination of the plural cavity made through a small opening in the chest wall
123
Cholescintigraphy or hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan
Imaging test used to examine the function of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts
124
Endoscopic retrograde cholanglopancreatography (ERCP)
Procedure using x-ray and injectable dye to determine disorders in the bile duct, gallbladder and pancreas
125
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Procedure using an ultrasound imaging device on the tip of the endoscope for evaluation of the bowel wall and adjacent structures
126
Magnetic resonance cholanglopancreatography (MRCP)
Procedure using magnetic resonance imaging and an injectable dye to examine problems in the bile. Gallbladder and pancreas
127
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
Examination which the clinician inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum to check anatomic structures for abnormalities
128
Prostate biopsy
A procedure in which prostate gland tissue samples are removed from the body for examination under a microscope to determine whether cancers or other abnormal cells are present
129
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
Ultrasound imaging of the prostate done through the rectum used to diagnose prostate cancer
130
Cervical conization or come biopsy
Biopsy of the cervix in which a cone shaped sample of tissue is removed from the cervix
131
Colposcopy
Fish will examination of the tissue of the cervix and vagina uses a lighted microscope (colposcope) to identify abnormal cell growth and if necessary or move a tissue sample for biopsy
132
Endometrial biopsy
Procedure whereby a sample of the endometrium of the uterus is removed from the body and examined under a microscope used to check for uterine cancer
133
Mammography
An extra examination of the breast used to detect breast tumors
134
Brachytherapy or seed implantation
Procedure by which radioactive seeds are placed inside cancers, tissue and position to kill nearby cancer cells
135
Cryosurgery
The use of freezing temperatures to destroy tissue
136
Debulking surgery
Excision of a major part of a tumor that cannot be completely removed
137
Palliative surgery
Surgery that is performed to relieve pain or other symptoms but not to cure the cancer or prolong a patient's life
138
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
A procedure in which a surgical oncologist cancer specialist uses a small probe to deliver heat from radio frequency energy to kill cancerous tissue use primarily to treat liver, prostate, kidney bone and breast cancer
139
Reconstructive surgery
Surgery performed to return function and appearance to a specific area of the body after removal of a tumor
140
Mohs surgery
Surgical procedure that involves removing and examining a piece of tumor in the skin bit by bit until the entire lesion is removed
141
Amputation
Surgical removal of an entire limb
142
Limb salvage surgery
Surgical procedure in which only the cancer section of the bone is removed. But nearby muscles, tenants and other structures are left intact
143
Craniectomy
Excision of part of the cranium to access the brain
144
Stereostatic radiosurgery
Radiation therapy technique for treating brain tumors by aiming high dose radiation beams directly at the tumors
145
Enucleation
Removal of an eyeball
146
Iridectomy
Excision of part of the iris for very small melanomas
147
Parathyroidectomy
Excision of all or some of the parathyroid glands
148
Thyroidectomy
Excision of the thyroid gland
149
Transsphenoidal resection
Excision of a pituitary adenoma by making an incision through this phenoid bone (the nose to the bottom of the skull) where the pituitary gland is located
150
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
Transfer of bone marrow from one person to another
151
Peripheral stem cell transplant
The collection and freezing of stem cells from the blood which are then reintroduced into the patient after chemotherapy
152
Lymphadenectomy
Excision of a lymph node
153
Laryngectomy
Excision of all or part of the larynx usually to treat cancer of the larynx
154
Lobectomy
Excision of a lobe of the lung
155
Pneumonectomy
Excision of the lung
156
Wedge resection
Excision of part of a lobe of the lung
157
Colectomy
Excision of all are part of the colon
158
Esophagectomy
Excision of the diseased portion of the esophagus and all associated tissue that might contain cancer
159
Gastrectomy or billroth I operation and billroth II operation
Excision of part or all of the stomach
160
Pancreaticoduodenectomy or Whipple operation
Excision of all or part of the pancreas together with the duodenum and usually the distal stomach
161
Cystectomy
Surgical removal of part or all of the bladder
162
Fulguration
Destruction of tissue by means of high frequency electric currents commonly used to remove tumors from the inside of the bladder
163
Nephrectomy
Excision of a kidney
164
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB)
Excision of a tumor from the bladder through the urethra using a resectoscope
165
Prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Removal of prostate tissue through the urethra using a resectoscope
166
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
Gynecological procedure that uses thin low voltage electrified wire to loop and cut out cancers tissue in the cervix
167
Mastectomy
Excision of a breast done to remove a malignant tumor
168
Modified radical mastectomy
Excision of a breast along with some of the underlying muscle and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
169
Radical mastectomy
Excision of the breast as well as the underlying muscle lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
170
Simple mastectomy
Excision of a breast leaving the underlying muscle and lymph nodes intact
171
Myomectomy
Excision of a myoma (benign neoplasm) specifically a uterine myoma
172
External beam radiation
Procedure by which a beam of high energy radiation is applied externally directly to the tumor to minimize damage to other tissues
173
Radiation therapy
The use of high energy, x-rays or other particles to kill cancer cells
174
Aromatase inhibitors
Group of drugs designed to reduce estrogen levels in women's body and stop the growth of cancer cells that depend on estrogen to live and grow
175
Chemoprevention
The use of drugs are other agents to inhibit or prevent disease
176
Chemotherapy
Regime of therapy that uses chemicals to treat cancer
177
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Chemotherapy given an addition to surgery to destroy remaining residual tumor or to reduce the risk of recurrence
178
Interstitial chemotherapy
A placement of chemotherapy drug directly into a tumor
179
Intrathecal chemotherapy
Delivery of chemotherapy drug into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture
180
Palliative chemotherapy
Chemotherapy that is given to relieve pain or other symptoms of cancer but not to cure it
181
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy
Drugs that interfere with the growth of individual cancer cells
182
Hormonal therapy
Use of hormones to stop a tumor from growing to relieve symptoms caused by a tumor or to replace the hormone that is needed by the body to function properly after a body part is removed due to cancer
183
Immunotherapy or biological therapy
Method of boosting the body's natural defenses to fight cancer by using materials made either by the body or an laboratory to bolster, target, or restore immune system function
184
Gynecologic oncology
Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the female reproductive system
185
Gynecologic oncologist
Physician who specializes in the care and treatment of women with gynecologic cancers
186
Medical oncology
Medical specialty concerned with the use of medical and chemotherapeutic treatments of cancer
187
Medical oncologist
Physician is specializes in treating cancer with the chemotherapy
188
Oncology
Medical specialty concerned with the physical, chemical and biological properties and features of cancers
189
Oncologist
Physician who specializes in the science of oncology
190
Pediatric oncology
Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancers and blood diseases
191
Pediatric oncologist
Physician who specializes in the treatment of childhood Cancers and blood diseases
192
Radiation oncology
Radiologic specialist concerned with radiation treatment as the main mode of treatment for cancer
193
Radiation oncologists or radiotherapist
Physician who specializes in treating cancers with high energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells
194
Surgical oncology
Surgical specialty concerning with the surgical aspects of cancer
195
Surgical oncologist
Physician who specializes in the surgical aspects of cancer, including biopsy and tumor staging and resection
196
AFP
Alpha fetoprotein
197
BCC
Basal cell carcinoma
198
BMT
Bone marrow transplant
199
CA
Cancer or carcinoma
200
DCIS
Ductal carcinoma in situ
201
DRE
Digital rectal exam
202
EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor
203
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangliopancreatography
204
EUS
Endoscopic ultrasound
205
FNA
Fine needle aspiration
206
GCT
Germ cell tumor
207
GIST
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
208
hCG
Human chorionic gandotropin
209
HIDA
Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
210
LEEP
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
211
LP
Lumbar puncture
212
MEN
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
213
MRCP
Magnetic resonance cholanglopancreatography
214
NHL
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
215
PSA
Prostate specific antigen
216
RFA
Radio frequency abolition
217
SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma
218
SPECT
Single photon emission computed tomography
219
TNM staging
Tumor node metastasis
220
TRUS
Transrectal ultrasound
221
TURB
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor
222
TURP
Transurethral resection of prostate
223
UV
Ultraviolet
