Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Mouth or oral cavity
A
Opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion
2
Q
Palate
A
The roof of the mouth separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
3
Q
Uvula or uvula of soft palate
A
Small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of the oral cavity
4
Q
Tongue
A
Muscular organ at the floor of the mouth assist and swallowing and speaking
5
Q
Teeth
A
Structure that provides the hard surfaces needed for chewing (mastication)
6
Q
Salivary glands
A
Saliva secreting glands in the oral cavity include the paratoid, sublingual and submandibular glands
7
Q
Saliva
A
Clear tasteless slightly acidic fluid that helps to lubricate food in the mouth
8
Q
Pharynx or throat
A
Space behind the mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx
9
Q
Esophagus
A
Muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
10
Q
Stomach
A
Sack like organ in which chemical and mechanical digestion take place
11
Q
Cardia
A
Region where the esophagus connects to the stomach
12
Q
Fundus
A
Superior dome shaped region of the stomach
13
Q
Body
A
Largest region of the stomach between the fundus and the pylorus
14
Q
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
A
Ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach
15
Q
Pyloric sphincter
A
Ring of muscle between the stomach and the first segment of the small intestine (duodenum)
16
Q
Pylorus
A
Lower region of the stomach that connects to the small intestine
17
Q
Rugae
A
Folds in the stomach lining that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
18
Q
Small intestine
A
Section of digestive tube between the stomach and the CCM where most absorption of nutrients occurs
19
Q
Duodenum
A
First segment of the small intestine
20
Q
Jejunum
A
The middle segment of the small intestine
21
Q
Ileum
A
The last segment of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine
22
Q
Large intestine
A
Distal section of digestive tube extending from the small intestine to the anus where water and electrolytes are absorbed and waste are form ed
23
Q
Cecum
A
First segment of large intestine
24
Q
Appendix or vermiform appendix
A
Finger like projection of the cecum of the large intestine
25
Colon
Segment of the large intestine that extends from the cacum to the rectum and divided into four parts
26
Ascending colon
Segment of a large intestine on the right side between the cecum and the right colic flexure
27
Right colic flexure or hepatic flexture
The band of the colon between the ascending and transverse sections
28
Transverse colon
Segment of a large intestine between the ascending colon and ascending colon
29
Left colic flexure or left splenic flexure
The band of the colon between the transverse and descending sections
30
Descending colon
Segment of the large intestine on the left side between the left calic flexture and the sigmoid colon
31
Sigmoid colon
Terminal segment of the large intestine that joins with the rectum
32
Rectum
Extension of the large intestine a pouch that holds solid waste before elimination from the body
33
Anus
Opening at the end of the digestive track through which solid waste exits the body
34
Liver
Large glandular organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder
35
Bile
Fluid that is secreted by the liver into the duodenum and aids and digestion of fats
36
Gallbladder
Sac shaped organ beneath the liver that stores bile secreted by the liver and releases and into the small intestine
37
Pancreas
Organ that secretes pancreatic juice (digestive enzymes) into the small intestine. It's endocrine part in secretes insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream
38
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
39
Aliment/o
Nourishment or nutrition
40
An/o
Anus
41
Appendic/o
Appendix
42
Bil/o
Bile
43
Bucc/o
Cheek
44
Cec/o
Cecum
45
Cheil/o
Lip
46
Chol/o
Bile
47
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
48
Col/o or colon/o
Colon
49
Dent/o
Tooth
50
Duoden/o
Duodenum
51
Enter/o
Small intestine
52
Esophag/o
Esophagus
53
Diverticul/o
Diverticulum (pouch opening from a tubular organ)
54
Gastr/o
Stomach
55
Hemat/o or hem/o
Blood
56
Hepat/o
Liver
57
Herni/o
Hernia (protrusion)
58
Ile/o
Ileum
59
Jejun/o
Jejunum
60
Labi/o
Lip
61
Lapar/o
Abdomen
62
Lingu/o
Tongue
63
Lith/o
Stone or calculus
64
Don't/o
Tooth
65
Or/o
Mouth
66
Palat/o
Palate
67
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
68
Peps/o
Digestion
69
Phag/o
Eat or swallow
70
Pharynx/o
Pharynx
71
Polyp/o
Polyp
72
Proct/o
Rectum or anus
73
Pylor/o
Pylorus
74
Rect/o
Rectum
75
Sial/o
Saliva
76
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
77
Stomat/o
Mouth
78
Endo-
In or within
79
Hyper-
Above or excessive
80
Peri-
Around or surrounding
81
Post-
After or behind
82
Retro-
Backward or behind
83
-algia
Pain
84
-ase
Enzyme
85
-cele
Herniation or protrusion
86
-centesis
Puncture to aspirate
87
-dynia
Pain
88
-emesis
Vomiting
89
-gen
Origin or production
90
-gram
Record or recording
91
-graphy
Technique of producing images
92
-iasis
Condition of
93
-logist
One who specializes in
94
-logy
Study of
95
-malacia
Softening
96
-megaly
Enlargement
97
-prandial
Meal
98
-ptosis
Prolapsed or drooping or sagging
99
-rrhaphy
Suture
100
-scope
Instrument for examination
101
-scopy
Viewing or examining with an instrument
102
-stenosis
Stricture or narrowing
103
-stomy
Surgical opening
104
-tomy
Incision
105
-tripsy
Crushing
106
Anorexia
Decrease in or loss of appetite
107
Bolus
Ball of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed
108
Chyme
Partially digested food that passes from the stomach into the duodenum
109
Defecation or bowel movement (BM)
Passage of solid waste (feces) from the body
110
Deglutition
The act of swallowing
111
Digestion
The mechanical, chemical and enzymatic process of breaking down food into substances the body can use
112
Eructation
The void of gas or acid fluid from the stomach through the mouth commonly called a burper a belch
113
Feces
Waste matter discharged from the bowels
114
Flatus
Guess that passes through the anus
115
Halitosis
Bad breath
116
Hematochezia
The passage of bloody stool
117
Inguinal
Relating to the groin
118
Mastication
Chewing
119
Melena
Black tari stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
120
Nausea
Urge to vomit
121
Occult blood
Blood in the feces and amounts that are too small to be seen by the naked eye but detectable blood chemical tests
122
Peristalsis
Involuntary contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of the GI tract creating wavelike movements that push substances along its length
123
Postprandial
After a meal
124
Vomit or regurgitate
To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth
125
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and an adversion to eating
126
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal/peritoneal cavity
127
Cholecytitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
128
Cholelithiasis
Presence of stones in the gallbladder bile ducts, formation of gallstones
129
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease characterize by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in the liver
130
Constipation
Decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools
131
Crohn disease or regional enteritis
Chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown cause that is characterized by deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine
132
Diarrhea
Abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces
133
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticulum
134
Diverticulum
An abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outwards
135
Dysentery
Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus
136
Dyspepsia
Indigestion or upset stomach
137
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
138
Gastric ulcer
Sore on the stomach lining with inflammation
139
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
140
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
141
Hemorrhoids
Swollen varicose veins in the anal region may be internal or external
142
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
143
Hiatal hernia
Protrusion of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus (opening) in the diaphragm
144
Ileus
An obstruction of the intestine
145
Incontinence
Ability to prevent the discharge if he sees or urine
146
Intussusception
The siding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into the adjacent section much like parts of a collapsible telescope
147
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon
Painful intestinal disease characterized by constipation alternating with diarrhea
148
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
149
Peptic ulcer or peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum that is caused by gastric acid
150
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
151
Polyp
Section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from the surface
152
Polyposis
Condition characterized by the presence of several polyps
153
Pruritus ani
Itching around the opening of the anus
154
Ulcerative colitis
Painful condition in which ulcers form in the: and the rectum
155
Vulvulus
A twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction
156
Occult blood test or hemoccult test
Screening test that detects hidden blood in feces. The amount of blood is too small to be seen but it's detectable by chemical tests
157
Stool culture
Microscopic examination of feces for identification of possible pathogens
158
Abdominal ultrasound
You so sound waves to view digestive system organs/structures
159
Abdominocentesis or paracentesis?
Puncture into the abdomen to obtain fluid for culture or to relieve pressure
160
Barium enema (BE)
Use of contrast die to view the lower gastrointestinal tract
161
Cholecystogram
X-ray record of the gallbladder
162
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of the colon using a endoscope
163
Endoscopy
Visual examination of organ interior using an endoscope
164
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Visual examination of the esophagus stomach and duodenum usually using a fiberoptic endoscope
165
Flexible. Sigmoidoscope
Visual examination of the interior of the sigmoid column using a fiberoptic endoscope
166
Laparoscopy
Visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity with a type of endoscope called a laparoscope
167
Proctoscopy
Visual examination of the rectum and anus with an endoscope
168
Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) or barium swallow
Radiographic contrast (x-ray with contrast dyes) study of the esophagus stomach and duodenum
169
Abdominoperineal resection (APR)
Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and parental approaches includes a colaostomy and is performed to treat severe low oil intestinal disease, including cancer
170
Abdominoplasty
Surgical repair of the abdominal area
171
Anastomosis
A connection made surgically between two structures such as adjacent parts of the intestine
172
Appendectomy
Horror movie of the appendix
173
Bariatric surgery
Surgical removal of parts of the stomach and are intestines to induce weight loss
174
Gastric bypass surgery
Surgical procedure in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a larger lower pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged and connected to both pouches
175
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
176
Colethotripsy
Crushing of gallstones
177
Colostomy
Surgical construction of an artificial opening between the colon and the body exterior done to bypass a damaged part of the colon so the sites may vary
178
Gastrectomy
Removal of the stomach
179
Gastric lavage
Insertion of a tube from the mouth into the stomach to wash and suction out its contents for examination and treatment usually done to removal blood clots or monitor bleeding
180
Gastric resection
Removal of a section of the stomach
181
Gavage
Process of feeding a patient through nasogastric intubation
182
Glossorraphy
Suturing at the tongue
183
Herniorraphy
Suturing of a hernia
184
Ileostomy
Surgical construction of an artificial opening between the ileum and the body exterior done to bypass a damaged part of the ileum
185
Laparotomy
The surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
186
Nasogastric (NG) intubation
Insertion of a tube from the nose into the stomach for feeding or suctioning stomach contents
187
Palatoplasty
Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
188
Polypectomy
Surgical removal of polyps
189
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Feeding a person intravenously or buy a nasogastric tube
190
Antacid
Drug use to reduce stomach acid or neutralize acidity
191
Antidiarrheal
Drug used to treat or prevent diarrhea
192
Antiemetic
Drug use to treat or prevent nausea and vomiting
193
Emetic
Drug used to induce vomiting
194
Laxative or cathartic
Drug use to promote the expulsion of feces
195
Bariatrics
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases
196
Gastroenterology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
197
Gastroenterologist
Physician who specializes in gastroenterology
198
Proctology
Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus
199
Proctologist
Who specializes in proctology
