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med 231 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth or oral cavity

A

Opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion

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2
Q

Palate

A

The roof of the mouth separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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3
Q

Uvula or uvula of soft palate

A

Small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of the oral cavity

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4
Q

Tongue

A

Muscular organ at the floor of the mouth assist and swallowing and speaking

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5
Q

Teeth

A

Structure that provides the hard surfaces needed for chewing (mastication)

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6
Q

Salivary glands

A

Saliva secreting glands in the oral cavity include the paratoid, sublingual and submandibular glands

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7
Q

Saliva

A

Clear tasteless slightly acidic fluid that helps to lubricate food in the mouth

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8
Q

Pharynx or throat

A

Space behind the mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx

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9
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

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10
Q

Stomach

A

Sack like organ in which chemical and mechanical digestion take place

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11
Q

Cardia

A

Region where the esophagus connects to the stomach

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12
Q

Fundus

A

Superior dome shaped region of the stomach

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13
Q

Body

A

Largest region of the stomach between the fundus and the pylorus

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14
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach

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15
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle between the stomach and the first segment of the small intestine (duodenum)

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16
Q

Pylorus

A

Lower region of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

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17
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the stomach lining that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

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18
Q

Small intestine

A

Section of digestive tube between the stomach and the CCM where most absorption of nutrients occurs

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

First segment of the small intestine

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20
Q

Jejunum

A

The middle segment of the small intestine

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21
Q

Ileum

A

The last segment of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine

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22
Q

Large intestine

A

Distal section of digestive tube extending from the small intestine to the anus where water and electrolytes are absorbed and waste are form ed

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23
Q

Cecum

A

First segment of large intestine

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24
Q

Appendix or vermiform appendix

A

Finger like projection of the cecum of the large intestine

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25
Q

Colon

A

Segment of the large intestine that extends from the cacum to the rectum and divided into four parts

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26
Q

Ascending colon

A

Segment of a large intestine on the right side between the cecum and the right colic flexure

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27
Q

Right colic flexure or hepatic flexture

A

The band of the colon between the ascending and transverse sections

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28
Q

Transverse colon

A

Segment of a large intestine between the ascending colon and ascending colon

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29
Q

Left colic flexure or left splenic flexure

A

The band of the colon between the transverse and descending sections

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30
Q

Descending colon

A

Segment of the large intestine on the left side between the left calic flexture and the sigmoid colon

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31
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Terminal segment of the large intestine that joins with the rectum

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32
Q

Rectum

A

Extension of the large intestine a pouch that holds solid waste before elimination from the body

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33
Q

Anus

A

Opening at the end of the digestive track through which solid waste exits the body

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34
Q

Liver

A

Large glandular organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder

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35
Q

Bile

A

Fluid that is secreted by the liver into the duodenum and aids and digestion of fats

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36
Q

Gallbladder

A

Sac shaped organ beneath the liver that stores bile secreted by the liver and releases and into the small intestine

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37
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ that secretes pancreatic juice (digestive enzymes) into the small intestine. It’s endocrine part in secretes insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream

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38
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

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39
Q

Aliment/o

A

Nourishment or nutrition

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40
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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41
Q

Appendic/o

A

Appendix

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42
Q

Bil/o

A

Bile

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43
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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44
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

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45
Q

Cheil/o

A

Lip

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46
Q

Chol/o

A

Bile

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47
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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48
Q

Col/o or colon/o

A

Colon

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49
Q

Dent/o

A

Tooth

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50
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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51
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

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52
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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53
Q

Diverticul/o

A

Diverticulum (pouch opening from a tubular organ)

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54
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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55
Q

Hemat/o or hem/o

A

Blood

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56
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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57
Q

Herni/o

A

Hernia (protrusion)

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58
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

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59
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

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60
Q

Labi/o

A

Lip

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61
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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62
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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63
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone or calculus

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64
Q

Don’t/o

A

Tooth

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65
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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66
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

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67
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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68
Q

Peps/o

A

Digestion

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69
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat or swallow

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70
Q

Pharynx/o

A

Pharynx

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71
Q

Polyp/o

A

Polyp

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72
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum or anus

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73
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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74
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

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75
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva

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76
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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77
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

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78
Q

Endo-

A

In or within

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79
Q

Hyper-

A

Above or excessive

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80
Q

Peri-

A

Around or surrounding

81
Q

Post-

A

After or behind

82
Q

Retro-

A

Backward or behind

83
Q

-algia

A

Pain

84
Q

-ase

A

Enzyme

85
Q

-cele

A

Herniation or protrusion

86
Q

-centesis

A

Puncture to aspirate

87
Q

-dynia

A

Pain

88
Q

-emesis

A

Vomiting

89
Q

-gen

A

Origin or production

90
Q

-gram

A

Record or recording

91
Q

-graphy

A

Technique of producing images

92
Q

-iasis

A

Condition of

93
Q

-logist

A

One who specializes in

94
Q

-logy

A

Study of

95
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

96
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

97
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

98
Q

-ptosis

A

Prolapsed or drooping or sagging

99
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Suture

100
Q

-scope

A

Instrument for examination

101
Q

-scopy

A

Viewing or examining with an instrument

102
Q

-stenosis

A

Stricture or narrowing

103
Q

-stomy

A

Surgical opening

104
Q

-tomy

A

Incision

105
Q

-tripsy

A

Crushing

106
Q

Anorexia

A

Decrease in or loss of appetite

107
Q

Bolus

A

Ball of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed

108
Q

Chyme

A

Partially digested food that passes from the stomach into the duodenum

109
Q

Defecation or bowel movement (BM)

A

Passage of solid waste (feces) from the body

110
Q

Deglutition

A

The act of swallowing

111
Q

Digestion

A

The mechanical, chemical and enzymatic process of breaking down food into substances the body can use

112
Q

Eructation

A

The void of gas or acid fluid from the stomach through the mouth commonly called a burper a belch

113
Q

Feces

A

Waste matter discharged from the bowels

114
Q

Flatus

A

Guess that passes through the anus

115
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

116
Q

Hematochezia

A

The passage of bloody stool

117
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin

118
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

119
Q

Melena

A

Black tari stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

120
Q

Nausea

A

Urge to vomit

121
Q

Occult blood

A

Blood in the feces and amounts that are too small to be seen by the naked eye but detectable blood chemical tests

122
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of the GI tract creating wavelike movements that push substances along its length

123
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

124
Q

Vomit or regurgitate

A

To eject matter from the stomach through the mouth

125
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and an adversion to eating

126
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal/peritoneal cavity

127
Q

Cholecytitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

128
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence of stones in the gallbladder bile ducts, formation of gallstones

129
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease characterize by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in the liver

130
Q

Constipation

A

Decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools

131
Q

Crohn disease or regional enteritis

A

Chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown cause that is characterized by deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine

132
Q

Diarrhea

A

Abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces

133
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticulum

134
Q

Diverticulum

A

An abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outwards

135
Q

Dysentery

A

Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus

136
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion or upset stomach

137
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

138
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

Sore on the stomach lining with inflammation

139
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

140
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

141
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen varicose veins in the anal region may be internal or external

142
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

143
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus (opening) in the diaphragm

144
Q

Ileus

A

An obstruction of the intestine

145
Q

Incontinence

A

Ability to prevent the discharge if he sees or urine

146
Q

Intussusception

A

The siding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into the adjacent section much like parts of a collapsible telescope

147
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon

A

Painful intestinal disease characterized by constipation alternating with diarrhea

148
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

149
Q

Peptic ulcer or peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum that is caused by gastric acid

150
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

151
Q

Polyp

A

Section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from the surface

152
Q

Polyposis

A

Condition characterized by the presence of several polyps

153
Q

Pruritus ani

A

Itching around the opening of the anus

154
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Painful condition in which ulcers form in the: and the rectum

155
Q

Vulvulus

A

A twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction

156
Q

Occult blood test or hemoccult test

A

Screening test that detects hidden blood in feces. The amount of blood is too small to be seen but it’s detectable by chemical tests

157
Q

Stool culture

A

Microscopic examination of feces for identification of possible pathogens

158
Q

Abdominal ultrasound

A

You so sound waves to view digestive system organs/structures

159
Q

Abdominocentesis or paracentesis?

A

Puncture into the abdomen to obtain fluid for culture or to relieve pressure

160
Q

Barium enema (BE)

A

Use of contrast die to view the lower gastrointestinal tract

161
Q

Cholecystogram

A

X-ray record of the gallbladder

162
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of the colon using a endoscope

163
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of organ interior using an endoscope

164
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

Visual examination of the esophagus stomach and duodenum usually using a fiberoptic endoscope

165
Q

Flexible. Sigmoidoscope

A

Visual examination of the interior of the sigmoid column using a fiberoptic endoscope

166
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity with a type of endoscope called a laparoscope

167
Q

Proctoscopy

A

Visual examination of the rectum and anus with an endoscope

168
Q

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) or barium swallow

A

Radiographic contrast (x-ray with contrast dyes) study of the esophagus stomach and duodenum

169
Q

Abdominoperineal resection (APR)

A

Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and parental approaches includes a colaostomy and is performed to treat severe low oil intestinal disease, including cancer

170
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the abdominal area

171
Q

Anastomosis

A

A connection made surgically between two structures such as adjacent parts of the intestine

172
Q

Appendectomy

A

Horror movie of the appendix

173
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Surgical removal of parts of the stomach and are intestines to induce weight loss

174
Q

Gastric bypass surgery

A

Surgical procedure in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a larger lower pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged and connected to both pouches

175
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Removal of the gallbladder

176
Q

Colethotripsy

A

Crushing of gallstones

177
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical construction of an artificial opening between the colon and the body exterior done to bypass a damaged part of the colon so the sites may vary

178
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Removal of the stomach

179
Q

Gastric lavage

A

Insertion of a tube from the mouth into the stomach to wash and suction out its contents for examination and treatment usually done to removal blood clots or monitor bleeding

180
Q

Gastric resection

A

Removal of a section of the stomach

181
Q

Gavage

A

Process of feeding a patient through nasogastric intubation

182
Q

Glossorraphy

A

Suturing at the tongue

183
Q

Herniorraphy

A

Suturing of a hernia

184
Q

Ileostomy

A

Surgical construction of an artificial opening between the ileum and the body exterior done to bypass a damaged part of the ileum

185
Q

Laparotomy

A

The surgical incision into the abdominal cavity

186
Q

Nasogastric (NG) intubation

A

Insertion of a tube from the nose into the stomach for feeding or suctioning stomach contents

187
Q

Palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth

188
Q

Polypectomy

A

Surgical removal of polyps

189
Q

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A

Feeding a person intravenously or buy a nasogastric tube

190
Q

Antacid

A

Drug use to reduce stomach acid or neutralize acidity

191
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Drug used to treat or prevent diarrhea

192
Q

Antiemetic

A

Drug use to treat or prevent nausea and vomiting

193
Q

Emetic

A

Drug used to induce vomiting

194
Q

Laxative or cathartic

A

Drug use to promote the expulsion of feces

195
Q

Bariatrics

A

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases

196
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

197
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

Physician who specializes in gastroenterology

198
Q

Proctology

A

Medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus

199
Q

Proctologist

A

Who specializes in proctology

med 231 (15 decks)

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