Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Breasts, mammary glands
Modified sweat glands that produce milk
Areola
Pigmented area around the breast nipple
Lactiferous ducts
Channels that carry breast milk to the nipple
Lactiferous sinuses
Expanded chambers that converge on the nipple surface
Lobes of mammary gland
15 to 20 separate portions of the memory gland that radiate from the center area deep in the nipple like wheel spokes and comprise the body of mammary glands. Each is drained by a single lactiferous duct
Lobules of mammary gland
Subdivision of the lobes of the memory glands that make breast milk also called lactiferous lobes
Nipple
Projection of the breast surface through which milk can be secreted
Genitalia
External and internal organ of reproduction
Overies
Pair of oval reproductive glands that produce hormones and release oocytes
Oocyte
Female gamemy or sex cell when fertilized by a spermint develops into an ovum man is capable of developing into a new individual
Corpus luteum
Temporary and a congruent formed in the ovary that secretes the hormone progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
Period of time in which oosite matures is ovulated and enters the uterus through the uterine tubes during this time. Ovarian hormonal secretions affect endometrial changes. If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium is shed and menstrual flow begins. The cycle asked about 28 days
Vesicular ovarian follicles, graafian follicles
Fluid filled sacs in the ovaries in which the primary oocyte matures
Ovum, ova
Oocyte that has been fertilized by a spermatazune ; an egg cell
Uterine tubes, salpinges, fallopian tubes
Tubular structures that carry oocytes from the ovary to the uterus
Fimbriae
Finger-like extensions of each uterine tube the drape over each ovary
Uterus, womb
Pear-shaped organ located in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing embryo and fetus and is the site of menstruation
Adnexa
Appendages or adjacent parts. The adnexa of the uterus consist of uterine tombs, the ovaries and the ligaments that hold them together
Endometrium
Inner layer that lines the uterus this layer is shed during menstruation
Myometrium
Thick muscular middle layer of the uterus
Perimetrium
Outer layer of the uterus that covers the body of the uterine and part of the cervix
Cervix
Tubular lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina
Cervical os
Vaginal opening of the uterus also called external os of uterus
Fundus
Dome-shaped top portion of the uterus that lives above the entrance of the uterine tubes
Vagina, birth canal
Muscular tube projecting inside a female that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
Vulva
The female external genital organs
Clitoris
Small less than 2 cm mass of erectile tissue and females that responds to sexual stimulation
Hymen
Thin fold of mucous membrane covering the entrance to the vagina
Greater vestibular glands, bartholin glands
Plans to keep the vagina moist and provide a lubricant for the vagina during sexual intercourse
Labia
Two sets of skin folds that cover the female external genital organs and tissues
Labia majora, labium majus
Part of the labia that covers and protects the female external general organs
Labia minora, labium minus
Inner fold of the labia that surrounds the opening to the vagina and urethra
Mons pubis
Rounded mount of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
Perineum
Surface area between the thighs extending from the toxic to the pubis that includes the anus posteriorly and external genital anteriorly
Vaginal orifice, introitus
Opening of the vagina
Vestibule
Central space between the labia minora
Amnion
Inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus and containing the amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid
Fluid that incases the fetus and provides a cushion for the fetus as the mother moves
Chorion
Uttermost membrane surrounding the fetus
Conception, fertilization
Fertilization of an oocite by sperm fertilization of oocyte by a sperm
Effacement
Thinning of the cervix and preparation for delivery
Embryo
The developing organism from conception until the end of the 8th week of gestation
Fetus
Developing embryo from the end of the 8th week of gestation until delivery
Gamete
An organism’s reproductive cells such as sperm or oocyte
Gestation, pregnancy
Period of development from fertilization until birth
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Hormone secreted by the fertilized ovum soon after conception
Lactation
Production of breast milk by the memory glands after childbirth
Lochia
Normal vaginal discharge consists of mucus, blood and tissue debris following childbirth
Ovulation
Processing of discharging an oocyte from an ovary
Placenta
Temporary Oregon implanted in the uterus through which the embryo/ fetus received nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s blood and passes waste through the umbilical cord
Prolactin
Hormone that stimulates breast growth and milk secretion
Umbilical cord
Connecting stock between the embryo/ fetus and the placenta that contains two arteries and one vein composed of blood vessels and connected tissue that is connected to the fetus from the placenta
Zygote
Cell resulting from the union of a sperm and oocyte
Ceric/o
Neck or cervix (neck of uterus)
Colp/o
Vagina
Episi/o
vulva (external genitalia, wrapper)
Gyn/o, gynec/o
Woman
Hyster/o
Uterus (womb)
Men/o, menstru/o
Menstruation
Metr/o, metri/o
Uterus
My/o
Muscle (uterus)
Oophor/o
Ovary
Ovari/o
Ovary
Pelv/i
Pelvis or pelvic cavity
Perine/o
Perineum (area between the anus and the vulva)
Salping/o
Salpinx or uterine tube or fallopian tube
Uter/o
Uterus
Vagina/o
Vagina
Vulv/o
Vulva
Amni/o
Amnion
Cephal/o
Head
Chori/o
Chorion (membrane)
Embry/o, embryon/o
Embryo or immature form
Fet/o
Fetus
Fund/o
Fundus (part for this from the opening or exit)
Galact/o
Milk
Gestat/o
From conception to birth
Gravid/o
Pregnancy
Hydr/o
Water or fluid?
Lact/o
Milk
Mamm/o
Breast or memory gland
Mast/o
Breast or memory gland
Nat/o
Birth
Olig/o
Scanty or few
Omphal/o
Umbilicus or navel
Pub/o
Pubis
Toc/o
Labor or birth
Ante-
Before
Dys-
Painful or difficult to abnormal
Ecto-
Outer or outside
Endo-
In or within
Micro-
Small
Multi-
Many
Neo-
New
Nulli-
None
Poly-
Many or much
Post-
After or behind
Pre-
Before
Supra-
Above
-arche
Beginning
-asthenia
Weakness
-cele
Herniation or protrusion
-centesis
Puncture to aspirate
-ia
Condition of
-ism
Condition of
-metry
Measurement of
-partum
Childbirth or labor
-pexy
Surgical fixation
-plasia
Formation or growth
-plasty
Surgical repair or reconstruction
-rrhage, -rrhagia
Flowing forth
-rrhaphy
Suture
-rrhea
Flow or discharge
-scopy
Process of examining or examination
-tomy
Incision
Estimated date of confinement (EDC), estimated date of delivery (EDD)
The date and infant is expected to be born calculated by counting forward 280 days 40 weeks from the first day of the mother’s last menstruational period (LMP) also known as the due date?
Fetal
Pertaining to a fetus
Gastational
Pertaining to a pregnancy
Gravida
A pregnant woman
In vitro
In an artificial environment
Intrauterine
Within the uterus
Last menstrual period (LMP)
The data indicating the first day of a patient’s last menstruation (menstrual period)
Meconium
Greenish black first feces of a newborn
Menarche
A girl’s first menstruational period
Menstruation, menses
Cyclic shedding of endometrial lining and discharge a bloody fluids from the uterus occurs approximately every 28 days
Neonatal
Pertaining to the period immediately after an infant’s birth and continuing through the first 28 days of life
Neonate, newborn
A newborn infant
Nulligravida
A woman who has never conceived a child
Nullipara
A woman who has never given birth to a child
Ovarian
Pertaining to an ovary
Para
A woman who is giving birth
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
Perineal
Pertaining to the perineum
Postpartum
The period of time after birth
Prenatal
The period of time proceeding birth
Primigravida
A woman who has had one pregnancy
Suprapubic
Above the pubic bone
Transabdoinal
Across or through the abdomen?
Transvaginal
Across or through the vagina
Stillbirth
The birth of an infant who has died before delivery
Uterine
Pertain to the uterus
Adenomyosis
The presence of endometrial tissue growing through the myometrium
Amenorrhea
Abnormal absence of menstrual bleeding
Atrophic vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina due to thinning and shrinking of the tissue as well as decrease lubrication
Bacterial vaginosis
Infection of the vagina caused by distribution of the normal balance of bacteria in which good bacteria is a replaced by harmful bacteria
Cervical dysplasia
Development of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix
Dysmenorrhea
Difficulty or painful menstruation
Dyspareunia
Condition of experiencing pain during sexual intercourse
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endometrium
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breasts
Mastodynia
Pain in the breasts
Menopause
Permanent ceasing of menses
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding during menstruation
Metrorrhagia
Irregular bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods
Uterine fibroid, leiomyoma, fibromyoma, myoma
Benign growth that develops from the smooth muscular tissue of the uterus
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation of the female pelvic organs (ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms
Polycystic ovary syndome
Condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, obesity and enlarged ovaries due to hormone imbalance
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the uterine tube (salpinx)
Sexually transmitted disease (STD)
Any contagious disease acquired during sexual contact also called sexually transmitted infection
Uterine prolapse
Protrusion of the uterus into or through the vagina
Vulvodynia
Chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation
Uterine fibroid, leiomyoma, fibromyoma, myoma
Benign growth that develops from smooth muscular tissue of the uterus
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation of the female pelvic organs (ovaries uterine tubes and uterus) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms.
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the uterine tube (salpinx)
Abortion (AB), spontaneous abortion (SAB)
Expulsion of an embryo or fetus (product of conception) from the uterus before viability also called a miscarriage
Incomplete abortion
Abortion in which part of the products of conception have passed but part (Usually the placenta) remains in the uterus
Abruptio placentae
Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
Braxton Hicks contractions, false labour
Irregular weak uterine contractions that occur during pregnancy that usually cause little or no pain
Breach pregnancy
Pregnancy in which the buttocks of the baby presents at the bottom of the uterus while the head remains of the upper part of the uterus
Dystocia
Difficult. Childbirth
Eclampsia
Seizure or coma in a patient with pregnancy induced hypertension
Ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy that occurs when the zygote implants itself outside the uterus
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes that develops or first occurs during pregnancy
Infertility
Inability of a couple to conceive regardless of the cause
Lithotomy position
Supine position the buttocks at the end of the operating table, hips and knees fully flexed and the feet strapped in position, position for childbirth
Nuchal cord
Loops of umbilical cord wrapped around the neck of the fetus posing risk for inner uterine hypoxia fetal distress or death
Oligohydramnios
An insufficient amount of amniotic fluid
Placenta previa
Condition in which the placenta is implanted in the lower segment of the uterus instead of the upper part
Postpartum depression
Forms of clinical depression suffered by the mother that occurs soon after giving birth
Preeclamsia
Development of hypertension with proteinuria, edema or both due to pregnancy
Prolapsed cord
Slipping of the umbilical cord into the vagina before delivery
Rupture of membranes
Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac with release of fluid proceeding childbirth
Toxoplasmosis
Infection caused by the protozoan parasite toxioplasmine gondial transmitted to humans through cat feses if contracted by a pregnant woman. The infection can affect the fetus in many ways, including profound physical abnormalities
Vertex
Normal birth position of the fetus so that the crown of the head presents first in the cervix and vaginal canal
Atresia
Congenital absence of a normal opening such as the esophagus or anus
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the Atria after birth
Cleft lip
Congenital split in the upper lip associated with cleft palate
Cleft palate
Congenital split in the roof of the mouth caused by failure of the embryonic facial bone to fuse often associated with cleft lip
Down syndrome
Congenital disorder characterized by intellectual impairment and physical abdominality is caused by a tripling of chromosome 21. Also called trichomy 21
Gastroschisis
Congenital defect in the anterior abdominal wall, usually a company by protrusion of the intestines
Jaundice of newborn
Inability of an infant’s liver to metabolize bile reuben usually disappears within 48 72 hours after birth
Microcephaly
Congenital condition characterized by the abnormally small head usually associated with an intellectual impairment
Omphalocele
Congenital herniation in which abdominal organs protrude into a baby’s umbilical cord
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Genital disorder in which a fetal blood vessel connects in the left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta fails too close after birth
Spina bifida
Congenital defect of incomplete vertebral closure that allow the spinal cord or meninges to protrude through a gap in the backbone
Tetralogy of fallot
Set a four congenital heart defects ventricles sapetal defect, pulmonic valve stenosis, malposition of the aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy
Turner syndrome
Congenital disorder in which affected women have only one x chromosome instead of two causing developmental abnormalities and infertility
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Failure of an opening or foramen to close between the heart ventricles after birth
Group B streptococcus
Test for bacterium that if transmitted from the mother can cause life’s threatening infection to the newborn
Papanicolaou (pap) test
Microscope examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes
Pregnancy test
Blood test to determine the presence of the hormone human chorionic gestrophin secreted by the placenta
Quad marker screen
A blood test that measures the levels of four substances, (alpha fetal protein, human chorlonic gandotropin estral, and inhibit a to determine the risk of having A) baby with birth defects
TORCH panel
Group of tests that screen for antibodies to common infections that can be transmitted for mother to fetus. It is an acumen for toxoplasmosis other inflections, rubell,a cytomegloeovirus and herpes simplex
Amniocentesis
Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sect to test for fetal lung immaturity or certain fetal problems such as genetic defects or infections
Apgar score
Numeric result of a test conducted on an infin immediately after delivery to evaluate quickly the newborn’s physical condition
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Removal of a small piece of placenta tissue, (the villa of the corrosion which forms part of the placenta during early pregnancy) to test for fetal abnormalities
Colposcope
Thin lighted endoscope inserted into the vagina to allow for direct visualization of the vagina and cervix
Colposcopy
Visual examination of the tissue of the cervix and vagina
Fetal ultrasound, obstetric ultrasound
Ultrasound dundering pregnancy that uses reflective sound waves produce a picture of a fetus, the placenta that nourishes it and the amniotic fluid that surrounds it
Fetoscope
Special type of stethoscope used for listening to a fetus in the womb, usually after about 18 weeks gestation
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
X-ray examination of the uterus and uterine tubes after injection of contrast dye
Mammography
X-ray examination of the breast used to detect breast tumors
Pelvic unltrasound
Ultrasound of the pelvic area
Pelvimetry
Measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis to determine whether a woman can give birth through the vagina or if cesarean section will be required
Transvaginal ultrasound
Ultrasound using a transducer inserted into the vagina to view the internal female reproductive organs
Colporrhaphy, anterior/posterior repair
Surgical procedure that repairs a defect and the wall of the vagina
Cryosurgery
In gynecology, a procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze a section of the cervix to destroy abnormal or precancerous cervical cells
Dilatation and curettage (D&C), dialating and curettage
Surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the universe is scraped with a curette
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterine and cervix
Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH)
Surgical removal of the uterus and cervix with or without removal of the ovaries and uterine tubes through an incision in the abdomen
Vaginal hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus and cervix threw an incision deep inside the vagina
Laparotomy
Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), loop excision
Gynecologic procedure that uses a thin low voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abdominal tissue in the cervix
Mammoplasty
Surgical repair of the breast
Mastopexy
Plastic surgery fixation to elevate and reshape a breast by removing excess skin and tightening the surrounding tissue
Myomectomy
Surgical removal of a uterine myoma
Oophorectomy
Surgical removal of an ovary
Pessary
An elastic or rigid advice inserted into the vagina to support the uterus or to connect any displacement
Salpingectomy, tubectomy
Surgical removal of a uterine tube
Salpingooophorectomy
Surgical removal of the ovary and it s uterine tubes (salpinx)
Uterotomy, hysterotomy
Incision of the uterus
Vulvectomy
Surgical removal of all are part of the vulva
Amniotomy, artificial rupture of membranes
Artificial purposeful tearing of the amniotic sac to induce or accelerate labor
Cerciage
Placement of a non-absorbital suture ring or loop around a malfunctioning (incompetent) cervical opening
Cesarean section (C-section)
Surgical operation for delivering a baby by cutting through the mother’s abdominal wall and uterus
Episiotomy
Surgical incision through the perineum to enlarge the vagina and a assist childbirth
Induction of lanor
Attempt to start the childbirth process artificially by administering a drug to start labor or by puncturing the amniotic sac
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Process whereby oocytes are placed in a medium to which spermatozoa are added for fertilization which produces a zygote. The zygote is then introduced into the uterus to establish a successful pregnancy
Sterilization
Rendering a person incapable of reproducing
Therapeutic abortion (TAB
Abortion performed for medical reasons, such as when the mother’s life is threatened by the pregnancy
Tubal ligation
Sterilization technique in which a woman’s uterine tubes are surgically blocked by tying ligating cutting cauterizing or a device to prevent oocites from reaching the uterus also known as having one’s tubes tied
Contraceptive
Device or drug that prevents conception
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Administrations of hormones example estrogen progesterone to women after menopause or oophorectomy
Abortifacient
Drug that produces abortion
Ovulation induction
Use of hormone therapy to stimulate ovulation. Release of mature oocytes
Oxytocin
Hormone that causes contractions and promotes milk release during lactation also used to induce or stimulate labor
Tocolytic
Drug use to suppress uterine contractions often used in an attempt to arrest premature birth
Gynecology (GYN)
Medical specialty concerning with the function and disease of the female genital tract as well as endocrinology and reproductive physiology of the female
Gynecologist (GYN)
Physician who specializes in gynecology
Midwifery
Practice of providing holistic health care to the childbearing woman and newborn
Neonative intensive care unit (NICU)
Hospital department designed for care of critically ill premature and fulli-term infants
Neonatology
Medical specialty of pediatrics concerned with the medical needs of newborn babies through the 28th day of life
Neonatologist
Physician specializing in neonatology
Obstetrics (OB)
Medical specialty concerned with childbirth and care of the mother
Obstetrician (OB)
Physician who specializes in Obstetrics
Pediatrics
Medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of children and health and disease during development from birth through adolescence
Pediatrician
Physician who specializes in pediatrics
Reproductive endocrinology
Medical subspeciality within gynecology and obstetrics that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproductive as well as the issue of infertility
Reproductive endocrinologist
Physician who practices reproductive endocrinology
AB
Abortion
AFP
Alpha fetoprotein
C-section
Cesarean section
CVS
Chorionic Villus sampling
D&C
Dilatation and curettage, dilation and curettage
DOB
Date of birth
EDC
Estimated date of confinement
EDD
Estimated date of delivery
GBS
Group B. Streptococcus
GYN
Gynecology, gynecologist
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
HSG
Hysterosalpingogram
IVF
In vitro fertilization
LEEP
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
LMP
Last menstrual period
NICU
Neonatal intensive care unit
OB
Obstetrics, obstetrician
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
SAB
Spontaneous abortion
STD
Sexually transmitted disease
TAB
Therapeutic abortion
TAH
Total abdominal hysterectomy
